PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In the present context of increasing human population demography, worldwide social crises, and rapid ecological global change, large cities are facing major socio-environmental challenges. This convokes authorities to adapt their governance and urban planning to reconcile urban development, ecological systems, and city dwellers in the most sustainable way. To achieve such goals, local officials have to associate all local actors, including city-dwellers, to the decision-making process through participatory governance and/or participatory systems. Here, we elaborated an original pilot project governance system for a \"Participatory System Combining Town Planning and Science\" (the 2PS-CiTy), as part of the revision of the Local Urban Plan (LUP) of Paris, France, into a Bioclimatic LUP held from 2020 to 2024. By implementing 2PS-CiTy, we aimed to answer \"How to turn trees into a lever for inhabitants\' engagement in urban consultation systems?\" Trees were chosen because they are emblematic elements of nature with significant roles in ecosystemic services such as urban climate regulation. Parisians were invited to (i) share in the first questionnaire some information on their knowledge about the LUP and their engagement in it, (ii) identify urban trees they consider remarkable, (iii) explain their choice in a second questionnaire, (iv) contribute to the urban consultation as part of the LUP revision, and finally, (v) give their feedback during a dedicated survey. Out of the 41 Parisians who took part in 2PS-City, 83% declared they were motivated to participate because they could contribute to the tree census, which in turn can constructively contribute to the Parisian LUP revision to bring more nature and sustainability in town. This study demonstrates that trees can be used as a lever for inhabitants\' engagement in urban consultation systems to make cities more sustainable. Our survey also showed that the 2PS-CiTy governance system could be improved by (1) developing a participatory culture among decision-makers and (2) preventing nowadays silo governance from developing the most promising public governance systems that involve the departments of green space, urban planning, and local democracy.
摘要：
在目前人口增长的背景下，全球社会危机,和快速的生态全球变化，大城市正面临着重大的社会环境挑战。这促使当局调整其治理和城市规划，以协调城市发展，生态系统,以最可持续的方式和城市居民。为了实现这些目标，当地官员必须与所有当地演员联系，包括城市居民，通过参与式治理和/或参与式系统实现决策过程。这里,我们为“城市规划与科学相结合的参与式系统”(2PS-CITY)制定了原始的试点项目治理系统，作为巴黎地方城市规划（LUP）修订的一部分，法国,进入2020年至2024年举行的生物气候LUP。通过实施2PS-CiTy，我们旨在回答“如何将树木变成居民参与城市咨询系统的杠杆？”选择树木是因为它们是自然的象征元素，在城市气候调节等生态系统服务中具有重要作用。巴黎人被邀请（i）在第一份问卷中分享一些关于他们对LUP的知识及其参与的信息，(ii)识别他们认为非凡的城市树木，(iii)在第二份问卷中解释他们的选择，（iv）作为LUP修订的一部分，为城市咨询做出贡献，最后，(v)在专门调查中提供反馈。在参加2PS-City的41名巴黎人中，83％的人表示他们有动力参加，因为他们可以为树木普查做出贡献，这反过来可以建设性地促进巴黎LUP修订，为城市带来更多的自然和可持续性。这项研究表明，树木可以用作居民参与城市咨询系统的杠杆，以使城市更具可持续性。我们的调查还表明，2PS-CiTy治理系统可以通过（1）在决策者之间发展参与性文化和（2）防止当今筒仓治理发展最有前途的公共治理系统，涉及绿地部门，城市规划,地方民主。
