PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The \'recreational use\' of selected over-the-counter (OTC) medicines is an unofficial activity. The traditional surveys assessing the use of drugs are affected by the bias of underreporting and are thus unreliable. The development of analytical techniques helps to monitor the substances at trace levels, such as in wastewater, and might be applied to estimate the consumption of an analyte of interest and ensure additional, evidence-based information complementary to population surveys. We reviewed studies focused on evaluating the estimated consumption of drugs as a reliable and unbiased source of evidence-based information (called wastewater-based epidemiology, WBE) to monitor the scale of this phenomenon. We found there is a need to test not only narcotics in the environment but also medicines that may be abused or recreationally used. The reviewed studies show methods that might provide reliable information about consumption of drugs, narcotics, and OTC medications for proposing targeted, preventive actions. Moreover, as all the selected studies were based on mass spectrometry, there is a potential to include the dextromethorphan and/or related compounds as part of the screening for narcotics and OTC drugs that can be socially harmful, overused, or misused. This article reviews the analytical methods for detecting dextromethorphan and/or its transformation products in environmental water samples.
摘要：
选定的非处方药（OTC）的“娱乐性使用”是一项非官方活动。评估药物使用的传统调查受到漏报的偏见的影响，因此不可靠。分析技术的发展有助于监测痕量物质，比如在废水中，并可能用于估计感兴趣的分析物的消耗，并确保额外的，以证据为基础的信息补充人口调查。我们回顾了一些研究，重点是评估药物的估计消费量，将其作为基于证据的信息的可靠且无偏见的来源（称为基于废水的流行病学，WBE)来监测这种现象的规模。我们发现，不仅需要测试环境中的麻醉品，还需要测试可能被滥用或娱乐使用的药物。审查的研究表明，方法可能提供有关药物消费的可靠信息，麻醉品,和提出有针对性的OTC药物，预防措施。此外，因为所有选定的研究都是基于质谱，有可能将右美沙芬和/或相关化合物作为可能对社会有害的麻醉品和OTC药物筛查的一部分，过度使用,或误用。本文综述了检测环境水样中右美沙芬和/或其转化产物的分析方法。
