Abstract：
Deforestation and slash combustion have substantial adverse impacts on the atmosphere, soil and microbe. Despite this awareness, numerous individuals persist in opting for high-intensity Eucalyptus planting through slash-burning in pursuit of immediate profits while disregarding the environmental significance and destroying the soil. Slash-unburnt agriculture can effectively safeguard the ecological environment, and compared with slash-burning, there remains a limited understanding of its regulatory mechanisms on soil fertility and microbial community. Also, large uncertainty persists regarding the utilization of harvest residues. Thoroughly investigating these questions from various perspectives encompassing physical soil characteristics, nutrient availability, bacterial community structures, and stability is crucial. To explore the ecological advantages of slash-unburnt techniques on microorganisms and their associated ecosystems, we used two slash-unburnt (Unburnt) planting techniques: Spread (naturally and evenly covering the forest floor after logging) and Stack (residues are piled along contour lines) as well as the traditional slash Burnt method (Burnt) in a Eucalyptus plantation. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two methods. We observed that over a span of 4 years, despite the initial lower application of fertilizer in the Unburnt treatments compared with the Burnt treatment during the first 2 years, the Unburnt treatment gradually caught up or even surpassed and attained similar nutrient levels as the Burnt treatment. Alphaproteobacteria was the main phyla that indicated the difference in soil bacterial communities between Burnt and Unburnt treatments. The microbial networks also highlighted the significance of the Unburnt method, as it contributed to the preservation of crucial network nodes and the stability of soil bacterial communities. Therefore, rational utilization of harvest residue may effectively avoid the vast damage caused by slash-burning to Eucalyptus trees and the soil environment but may also increase the potential for restoring soil fertility, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, and maintaining microbial community stability over time.
摘要：
森林砍伐和大刀阔斧的燃烧对大气产生重大不利影响，土壤和微生物。尽管有这种意识,许多人坚持选择通过刀耕火种进行高强度桉树种植，以追求直接利润，同时无视环境意义并破坏土壤。刀耕火种可以有效地维护生态环境，与刀火相比，关于其对土壤肥力和微生物群落的调节机制的理解仍然有限。此外，关于收获残留物的利用仍然存在很大的不确定性。从各种角度彻底调查这些问题，包括土壤物理特性，营养可用性，细菌群落结构，稳定至关重要。探讨刀割不燃技术对微生物及其相关生态系统的生态优势,我们在桉树种植园中使用了两种斜线未燃烧（未燃烧）的种植技术：散布（伐木后自然均匀地覆盖森林地面）和堆叠（残留物沿轮廓线堆积）以及传统的斜线燃烧法（燃烧）。对两种方法进行了比较分析。我们观察到，在4年的时间里，尽管与前2年的Burnt处理相比，未燃烧处理的肥料初始施用较低，未燃烧处理逐渐赶上甚至超过并达到与燃烧处理相似的营养水平。阿尔法变形杆菌是主要的门，表明燃烧和未燃烧处理之间土壤细菌群落的差异。微生物网络还强调了未燃烧方法的重要性，因为它有助于保护关键网络节点和土壤细菌群落的稳定性。因此,合理利用收获残渣可以有效避免刀火对桉树和土壤环境造成的巨大损害，但也可能增加恢复土壤肥力的潜力，提高肥料利用效率，并随着时间的推移保持微生物群落的稳定性。
