Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Previous investigations have reported that individuals living in greener neighborhoods have better cardiovascular health. It is unclear whether the effects reported at large geographic scales persist when examined at an intra-neighborhood level. The effects of greenness have not been thoroughly examined using high-resolution metrics of greenness exposure, and how they vary with spatial scales of assessment or participant characteristics.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of associations between blood pressure and multiple high-resolution measures of residential area greenness in spatially concentrated HEAL Study cohort of the Green Heart Project. We employed generalized linear models, accounting for individual-level covariates, to examine associations between different high-resolution measures of greenness and blood pressure among 667 participants in a 4 sq. mile contiguous neighborhood area in Louisville, KY.
RESULTS: In adjusted models, we observed significant inverse associations between residential greenness, measured by leaf area index (LAI), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) within 150-250 m and 500 m of homes, but not for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or grass cover. Weaker associations were also found with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Significant positive associations were observed between LAI and SBP among participants who reported being female, White, without obesity, non-exercisers, non-smokers, younger age, of lower income, and who had high nearby roadway traffic. We found few significant associations between grass cover and SBP, but an inverse association in those with obesity, but positive associations for those without obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that leaf surface area of trees around participants home is strongly associated with lower blood pressure, with little association with grass cover. These effects varied with participant characteristics and spatial scales. More research is needed to test causative links between greenspace types and cardiovascular health and to develop population-, typology-, and place-based evidence to inform greening interventions.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of associations between blood pressure and multiple high-resolution measures of residential area greenness in spatially concentrated HEAL Study cohort of the Green Heart Project. We employed generalized linear models, accounting for individual-level covariates, to examine associations between different high-resolution measures of greenness and blood pressure among 667 participants in a 4 sq. mile contiguous neighborhood area in Louisville, KY.
RESULTS: In adjusted models, we observed significant inverse associations between residential greenness, measured by leaf area index (LAI), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) within 150-250 m and 500 m of homes, but not for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or grass cover. Weaker associations were also found with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Significant positive associations were observed between LAI and SBP among participants who reported being female, White, without obesity, non-exercisers, non-smokers, younger age, of lower income, and who had high nearby roadway traffic. We found few significant associations between grass cover and SBP, but an inverse association in those with obesity, but positive associations for those without obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that leaf surface area of trees around participants home is strongly associated with lower blood pressure, with little association with grass cover. These effects varied with participant characteristics and spatial scales. More research is needed to test causative links between greenspace types and cardiovascular health and to develop population-, typology-, and place-based evidence to inform greening interventions.
摘要：
背景：以前的研究报告说，生活在绿色社区的个体有更好的心血管健康。目前尚不清楚在邻里内部进行检查时，在大地理尺度上报告的影响是否持续存在。绿色的影响尚未使用绿色暴露的高分辨率指标进行彻底检查，以及它们如何随评估的空间尺度或参与者特征而变化。
方法：我们在GreenHeart项目的空间集中HEAL研究队列中，对血压与居住区绿色的多种高分辨率测量之间的关联进行了横断面评估。我们采用广义线性模型，考虑个体水平的协变量，在4平方米的667名参与者中，检查绿色和血压的不同高分辨率测量之间的关联。路易斯维尔英里连续的社区，KY.
结果：在调整后的模型中，我们观察到住宅绿色度之间存在显著的逆关联，用叶面积指数(LAI)测量，和150-250米和500米家庭内的收缩压(SBP)，但不适用于归一化植被指数(NDVI)或草皮。还发现与舒张压（DBP）的相关性较弱。在报告为女性的参与者中，LAI和SBP之间观察到显着的正相关。白色,没有肥胖，非锻炼者，非吸烟者,年龄较小,收入较低，附近的道路交通量很高。我们发现草覆盖率和SBP之间几乎没有显着关联，但是肥胖患者的逆关联，但对那些没有肥胖的人来说是积极的关联。
结论：我们发现参与者家中树木的叶片表面积与降低血压密切相关，与草皮的联系很少。这些影响随参与者特征和空间尺度而变化。需要更多的研究来测试绿地类型与心血管健康之间的因果关系，并发展人口-类型学-，和基于地点的证据，以告知绿化干预措施。
方法：我们在GreenHeart项目的空间集中HEAL研究队列中，对血压与居住区绿色的多种高分辨率测量之间的关联进行了横断面评估。我们采用广义线性模型，考虑个体水平的协变量，在4平方米的667名参与者中，检查绿色和血压的不同高分辨率测量之间的关联。路易斯维尔英里连续的社区，KY.
结果：在调整后的模型中，我们观察到住宅绿色度之间存在显著的逆关联，用叶面积指数(LAI)测量，和150-250米和500米家庭内的收缩压(SBP)，但不适用于归一化植被指数(NDVI)或草皮。还发现与舒张压（DBP）的相关性较弱。在报告为女性的参与者中，LAI和SBP之间观察到显着的正相关。白色,没有肥胖，非锻炼者，非吸烟者,年龄较小,收入较低，附近的道路交通量很高。我们发现草覆盖率和SBP之间几乎没有显着关联，但是肥胖患者的逆关联，但对那些没有肥胖的人来说是积极的关联。
结论：我们发现参与者家中树木的叶片表面积与降低血压密切相关，与草皮的联系很少。这些影响随参与者特征和空间尺度而变化。需要更多的研究来测试绿地类型与心血管健康之间的因果关系，并发展人口-类型学-，和基于地点的证据，以告知绿化干预措施。
