PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Pollution is a major cause of ill health globally. Low emission zones (LEZ) have been identified as effective in reducing pollution and are increasing in popularity but remain divisive. Understanding what factors help or hinder implementation is important. In the UK, Clean Air Zones (CAZ, a type of LEZ) are being implemented in several cities. We aimed to identify key barriers and enablers to the implementation of a CAZ in real time, as policy was being developed and implemented in a large Northern city in England, UK. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with city stakeholders and implementors approximately 6 months before a CAZ charging non-compliant taxis, buses, heavy goods vehicles and vans was launched. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Implementers were required to operate within a tight policy framework. Key enablers included: freedom to adapt the framework to local context, financial support, and cross-sector working. A focus on health was felt to be useful in justifying the policy to the public. Key barriers included conflict and opposition from local industry, politicians, and communities. Implementation of air quality policy which involves traffic restrictions remains controversial. The voices which \'shout the loudest\' are often those with negative views, and these can create divisive discourse which shape public opinion and damage confidence of implementers. A systems perspective is needed to understand socio-political contexts which can influence implementation success. We provide recommendations to other areas considering implementing a LEZ.
摘要：
污染是全球健康状况不佳的主要原因。低排放区（LEZ）已被确定为有效减少污染，并且越来越受欢迎，但仍存在分歧。了解哪些因素有助于或阻碍实施很重要。在英国,清洁空气区(CAZ,一种LEZ)正在几个城市实施。我们旨在确定实时实施CAZ的关键障碍和促成因素，随着英格兰北部大城市的政策制定和实施，英国。在CAZ向不合规的出租车收费前大约6个月，对城市利益相关者和实施者进行了25次半结构化访谈，公共汽车,重型货车和货车被推出。专题分析用于分析数据。执行者必须在严格的政策框架内运作。主要促成因素包括：自由地调整框架以适应当地环境，财政支持,和跨部门工作。人们认为，对健康的关注有助于向公众证明该政策的合理性。主要障碍包括冲突和当地工业的反对，政客们,和社区。涉及交通限制的空气质量政策的实施仍存在争议。“喊得最大声”的声音往往是那些持负面观点的人，这些会造成分裂的话语，塑造公众舆论，损害执行者的信心。需要从系统的角度来了解可能影响实施成功的社会政治背景。我们向考虑实施LEZ的其他领域提供建议。
