Abstract：
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurring, inflammatory skin condition. Xerosis, pruritus, and rash make the clinical diagnosis. Adequate skin care and regular emollient use are key in management. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for AD flare-ups. Wet wrap therapy can improve AD severity and extent. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are second-line treatments. Emollient use, topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, and bleach baths can help prevent flare-ups. Patients with refractory AD that might require immunomodulatory treatments, such as dupilumab (Dupixent), Janus kinase inhibitors, or phototherapy, should be referred to a dermatologist. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory condition that involves sebaceous skin areas. Infection with Malassezia species and the inflammatory response to it are the probable etiologies. The clinical diagnosis is made by the presence of hallmark greasy, yellow scales on the scalp or face. Infantile SD most commonly involves the scalp and forehead and typically is self-limited. In infants, application of emollients followed by hair brushing and shampooing may be effective. In infants and children, if the condition does not improve with this treatment, topical ketoconazole shampoo, gel, or lotion is safe and effective. Refractory cases of SD can be managed with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.
摘要：
特应性皮炎(AD)是一种慢性、经常性的,炎性皮肤状况。干燥症,瘙痒,和皮疹进行临床诊断。充分的皮肤护理和定期使用润肤剂是管理的关键。外用皮质类固醇是AD发作的一线治疗。湿敷疗法可以改善AD的严重程度和范围。局部钙调磷酸酶抑制剂是二线治疗。润肤剂的使用，局部皮质类固醇和钙调磷酸酶抑制剂，和漂白浴可以帮助防止爆发。难治性AD患者可能需要免疫调节治疗，例如dupilumab（Dupixent），Janus激酶抑制剂，或者光疗，应该去找皮肤科医生.脂溢性皮炎(SD)是一种常见的,慢性，复发，涉及皮脂腺皮肤区域的炎症。马拉色菌感染及其炎症反应是可能的病因。临床诊断是由标志性油腻的存在，头皮或脸上的黄色鳞片。婴儿SD最常见的是头皮和前额，通常是自限性的。在婴儿中,应用润肤剂，然后刷头发和洗发可能是有效的。在婴儿和儿童中，如果这种治疗没有改善，局部酮康唑洗发水，凝胶,或乳液是安全有效的。难治性SD病例可以通过局部皮质类固醇和钙调磷酸酶抑制剂进行治疗。
