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Abstract：
Low immunogenicity of tumors poses a challenge in the development of effective tumor immunotherapy. However, emerging evidence suggests that certain therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy, can induce varying degrees of immunogenic cell death (ICD). This ICD phenomenon leads to the release of tumor antigens and the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), thereby enhancing tumor immunogenicity and promoting immune responses. However, the use of a single conventional ICD inducer often fails to achieve in situ tumor ablation and establish long-term anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, the induction of ICD induction varies among different approaches, and the distribution of the therapeutic agent within the body influences the level of ICD and the occurrence of toxic side effects. To address these challenges and further boost tumor immunity, researchers have explored nanosystems as inducers of ICD in combination with tumor immunotherapy. This review examines the mechanisms of ICD and different induction methods, with a specific focus on the relationship between ICD and tumor immunity. The aim is to explore the research advancements utilizing various nanomaterials to enhance the body\'s anti-tumor effects by inducing ICD. This paper aims to contribute to the development and clinical application of nanomaterial-based ICD inducers in the field of cancer immunotherapy by providing important theoretical guidance and practical references.
摘要：
肿瘤的低免疫原性对有效肿瘤免疫治疗的发展提出了挑战。然而,新出现的证据表明，某些治疗方法，比如化疗，放射治疗,和光疗，可以诱导不同程度的免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）。这种ICD现象导致肿瘤抗原的释放和树突状细胞（DC）的成熟，从而增强肿瘤的免疫原性和促进免疫应答。然而,使用单一常规ICD诱导剂通常无法实现原位肿瘤消融并建立长期抗肿瘤免疫反应。此外，ICD诱导的诱导因不同的方法而异，以及治疗剂在体内的分布影响ICD的水平和毒副作用的发生。为了应对这些挑战并进一步提高肿瘤免疫力，研究人员已经探索了纳米系统作为ICD与肿瘤免疫治疗的诱导剂。这篇综述探讨了ICD的机制和不同的诱导方法，特别关注ICD与肿瘤免疫的关系。目的是探索利用各种纳米材料诱导ICD增强机体抗肿瘤作用的研究进展。本文旨在为基于纳米材料的ICD诱导剂在肿瘤免疫治疗领域的开发和临床应用提供重要的理论指导和实践参考。
