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Abstract：
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a cluster of conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. Despite significant advancements in understanding these diseases, therapeutic options remain limited. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized for its comprehensive array of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, which possess potential neuroprotective properties. This literature review collates and examines the existing research on the bioactivity of active compounds and extracts from Ganoderma lucidum in modulating the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. The structural information and preparation processes of specific components, such as individual ganoderic acids and unique fractions of polysaccharides, are presented in detail to facilitate structure-activity relationship research and scale up the investigation of in vivo pharmacology. The mechanisms of these components against neurodegenerative diseases are discussed on multiple levels and elaborately categorized in different patterns. It is clearly presented from the patterns that most polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum possess neurotrophic effects, while ganoderic acids preferentially target specific pathogenic proteins as well as regulating autophagy. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess the translational potential of these components in the development of novel multi-target drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
摘要：
神经退行性疾病代表一组以神经系统的结构和功能的进行性退化为特征的病症。尽管在理解这些疾病方面取得了重大进展，治疗选择仍然有限。药用蘑菇灵芝已被公认为其具有抗炎和抗氧化作用的生物活性化合物的全面阵列，具有潜在的神经保护特性。本文综述了灵芝活性化合物和提取物在调节神经退行性疾病病理标志方面的生物活性的现有研究。特定组件的结构信息和制备过程，如个别的灵芝酸和独特的多糖部分，详细介绍了结构-活性关系研究，并扩大了体内药理学的研究。这些成分对抗神经退行性疾病的机制在多个层面上进行了讨论，并以不同的模式进行了详细分类。从模式清楚地表明，灵芝的大多数多糖具有神经营养作用，而灵芝酸优先靶向特异性致病蛋白以及调节自噬。需要进一步的临床试验来评估这些成分在神经退行性疾病新型多靶点药物开发中的转化潜力。
