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Abstract：
Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxification of plants have been made, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to and tolerate Cd toxicity remain elusive. This review focuses on the relationship between Cd and plants and the prospects for phytoremediation of Cd pollution. We highlight the following issues: (1) the present state of Cd pollution and its associated hazards, encompassing the sources and distribution of Cd and the risks posed to human health; (2) the mechanisms underlying the uptake and transport of Cd, including the physiological processes associated with the uptake, translocation, and detoxification of Cd, as well as the pertinent gene families implicated in these processes; (3) the detrimental effects of Cd on plants and the mechanisms of detoxification, such as the activation of resistance genes, root chelation, vacuolar compartmentalization, the activation of antioxidant systems and the generation of non-enzymatic antioxidants; (4) the practical application of phytoremediation and the impact of incorporating exogenous substances on the Cd tolerance of plants.
摘要：
镉（Cd）对植物的许多关键生长和发育过程具有毒性影响，显著影响种子发芽率，蒸腾速率,叶绿素含量，和生物质。虽然在植物的Cd吸收和解毒方面取得了相当大的进步，植物适应和耐受Cd毒性的机制仍然难以捉摸。本文综述了Cd与植物的关系以及Cd污染的植物修复前景。我们重点研究了以下几个问题:(1)Cd污染现状及其相关危害,包括Cd的来源和分布以及对人类健康构成的风险；（2）Cd吸收和运输的潜在机制，包括与摄取相关的生理过程，易位,和镉的解毒，以及与这些过程相关的基因家族；（3）Cd对植物的有害影响和解毒机制，比如抗性基因的激活，根螯合，液泡分隔，抗氧化系统的活化和非酶抗氧化剂的产生；（4）植物修复的实际应用以及掺入外源物质对植物耐Cd性的影响。
