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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Physician assistants/associates (PAs) provide services in diverse medical specialties globally, including psychiatry. While health professionals in psychiatry have been described for many years, little is known about PAs practicing in this discipline.
METHODS: We describe US PAs practicing in psychiatry using robust national data from the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA). Analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics comparing PAs in psychiatry to PAs in all other medical and surgical specialties.
RESULTS: The percentage of PAs practicing in psychiatry has increased from 1.1% (n = 630) in 2013 to 2.0% (n = 2 262) in 2021. PAs in psychiatry differed from PAs practicing in all other specialties in the following: they identified predominately as female (71.4% vs. 69.1%; p = 0.016), were more racially diverse (Asian [6.6% vs. 6.0%], Black/African American [5.5% vs. 3.4%], multi-race [2.8% vs. 2.1%], and other races [Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, or other; 3.7% vs. 3.6%]; p < 0.001), and resided in the South (43.8% vs. 34.1%; p < 0.001). PAs in psychiatry vs. all other specialties were more likely to work in office-based private practice settings (41.6% vs. 37.3%; p < 0.001) and nearly twice as likely to provide telemedicine services for their patients (62.7% vs. 32.9%; p < 0.001). While one-third (31.9%) of PAs in psychiatry experienced one or more burnout symptoms, and 8.1% considered changing their current position, the vast majority of PAs in psychiatry (86.0%) were satisfied with their position.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the attributes of PAs in psychiatry is essential in medical labor supply and demand research. Our findings suggest that the number of PAs working in psychiatry is steadily increasing. These PAs were predominantly female, exhibited greater racial diversity, and were primarily located in the South and Midwest regions of the US. A striking difference was that PAs in psychiatry were almost twice as likely to provide telemedicine services for their patients. Although nearly a third of PAs in psychiatry acknowledged having one or more symptoms of burnout, few were considering changing their employment, and the vast majority reported high job satisfaction.
METHODS: We describe US PAs practicing in psychiatry using robust national data from the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA). Analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics comparing PAs in psychiatry to PAs in all other medical and surgical specialties.
RESULTS: The percentage of PAs practicing in psychiatry has increased from 1.1% (n = 630) in 2013 to 2.0% (n = 2 262) in 2021. PAs in psychiatry differed from PAs practicing in all other specialties in the following: they identified predominately as female (71.4% vs. 69.1%; p = 0.016), were more racially diverse (Asian [6.6% vs. 6.0%], Black/African American [5.5% vs. 3.4%], multi-race [2.8% vs. 2.1%], and other races [Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, or other; 3.7% vs. 3.6%]; p < 0.001), and resided in the South (43.8% vs. 34.1%; p < 0.001). PAs in psychiatry vs. all other specialties were more likely to work in office-based private practice settings (41.6% vs. 37.3%; p < 0.001) and nearly twice as likely to provide telemedicine services for their patients (62.7% vs. 32.9%; p < 0.001). While one-third (31.9%) of PAs in psychiatry experienced one or more burnout symptoms, and 8.1% considered changing their current position, the vast majority of PAs in psychiatry (86.0%) were satisfied with their position.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the attributes of PAs in psychiatry is essential in medical labor supply and demand research. Our findings suggest that the number of PAs working in psychiatry is steadily increasing. These PAs were predominantly female, exhibited greater racial diversity, and were primarily located in the South and Midwest regions of the US. A striking difference was that PAs in psychiatry were almost twice as likely to provide telemedicine services for their patients. Although nearly a third of PAs in psychiatry acknowledged having one or more symptoms of burnout, few were considering changing their employment, and the vast majority reported high job satisfaction.
摘要：
背景：医师助理/助理（PA）在全球范围内提供各种医疗专业的服务，包括精神病学.虽然精神病学领域的卫生专业人员已经被描述了很多年，对在这门学科中练习的PA知之甚少。
方法：我们使用来自国家医师助理认证委员会（NCCPA）的可靠国家数据来描述美国在精神病学中的实践。分析包括描述性和推论性统计数据，将精神病学中的PA与所有其他医学和外科专业的PA进行比较。
结果：在精神病学中执业的PA百分比从2013年的1.1％（n=630）增加到2021年的2.0％（n=2262）。精神病学中的PA与所有其他专业中的PA在以下方面有所不同：他们主要确定为女性（71.4％vs.69.1%；p=0.016)，种族更加多样化(亚洲[6.6%与6.0%]，黑人/非裔美国人[5.5%vs.3.4%]，多种族[2.8%vs.2.1%]，和其他种族[夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民，美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民，或其他；3.7%与3.6%]；p<0.001），并居住在南部(43.8%对34.1%；p<0.001)。精神病学中的PA与所有其他专业更有可能在基于办公室的私人执业环境中工作(41.6%与37.3%；p<0.001)，为患者提供远程医疗服务的可能性几乎是其两倍(62.7%vs.32.9%；p<0.001）。虽然三分之一（31.9％）的精神病学家经历了一个或多个倦怠症状，8.1%的人考虑改变他们目前的立场，精神病学中的绝大多数PA（86.0％）对他们的立场感到满意。
结论：了解精神病学中PA的属性在医疗劳动力供求研究中是必不可少的。我们的发现表明，在精神病学中工作的PA数量正在稳步增加。这些PA主要是女性，表现出更大的种族多样性，主要位于美国的南部和中西部地区。一个显著的区别是，精神病学中的PA为患者提供远程医疗服务的可能性几乎是后者的两倍。尽管精神病学中近三分之一的PA承认有一种或多种倦怠症状，很少有人考虑改变他们的工作，绝大多数人报告了很高的工作满意度。
方法：我们使用来自国家医师助理认证委员会（NCCPA）的可靠国家数据来描述美国在精神病学中的实践。分析包括描述性和推论性统计数据，将精神病学中的PA与所有其他医学和外科专业的PA进行比较。
结果：在精神病学中执业的PA百分比从2013年的1.1％（n=630）增加到2021年的2.0％（n=2262）。精神病学中的PA与所有其他专业中的PA在以下方面有所不同：他们主要确定为女性（71.4％vs.69.1%；p=0.016)，种族更加多样化(亚洲[6.6%与6.0%]，黑人/非裔美国人[5.5%vs.3.4%]，多种族[2.8%vs.2.1%]，和其他种族[夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民，美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民，或其他；3.7%与3.6%]；p<0.001），并居住在南部(43.8%对34.1%；p<0.001)。精神病学中的PA与所有其他专业更有可能在基于办公室的私人执业环境中工作(41.6%与37.3%；p<0.001)，为患者提供远程医疗服务的可能性几乎是其两倍(62.7%vs.32.9%；p<0.001）。虽然三分之一（31.9％）的精神病学家经历了一个或多个倦怠症状，8.1%的人考虑改变他们目前的立场，精神病学中的绝大多数PA（86.0％）对他们的立场感到满意。
结论：了解精神病学中PA的属性在医疗劳动力供求研究中是必不可少的。我们的发现表明，在精神病学中工作的PA数量正在稳步增加。这些PA主要是女性，表现出更大的种族多样性，主要位于美国的南部和中西部地区。一个显著的区别是，精神病学中的PA为患者提供远程医疗服务的可能性几乎是后者的两倍。尽管精神病学中近三分之一的PA承认有一种或多种倦怠症状，很少有人考虑改变他们的工作，绝大多数人报告了很高的工作满意度。
