Abstract：
Cigarette butts (CBs) are small residues with mixed composition. Produced in large amounts, their accumulation in the environment has become alarming. It is possible to classify more than 7000 chemical components generated either in the burning process or when distilled from the tobacco. The aim of this work was to describe the rate of release of phenolic compounds from CBs, to determine the content of these compounds in freshly smoked CBs and to monitor the release of phenols from CBs into fresh natural waters. The kinetics of release of selected phenolic compounds (hydroquinone, resorcinol, pyrocatechol, phenol, guaiacol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol) into water was monitored for 48 h. More than 90% of the content was extracted within 10 h for all analytes. The phenolic content was determined in the CBs of five different brands. The total content of phenols determined for each sample of freshly smoked CB was 215-861 µg/CB. For all CBs analysed, phenol, pyrocatechol and hydroquinone were the most abundant analytes, accounting for up to 75% of the content of all phenols determined. Phenol was the most abundant analyte (64.6-267.8 µg/CB) in all analysed samples. The content of pyrocatechol, the second most abundant analyte, was 45.6-221.2 µg/CB and the third most abundant analyte was hydroquinone (41.71-157.5 µg/CB). Monitoring the release of phenols from CBs into fresh natural waters (river, stream, pond) under steady and slight moving conditions showed that the kinetics of release is not influenced by the type of water. On the contrary, the process of decomposition of the released compounds is influenced by the type of water. The maximum concentrations of individual phenols in CBs extracts were comparable to those determined via laboratory extraction, thus indicating that within 72 h, most of the phenolic compounds are released from CBs into natural water. This research provides missing information on the phenolic content in CBs and the rate of release into water. It thus complements previously published information on CBs as a source of environmental contamination.
摘要：
烟头（CB）是混合成分的小残留物。大量生产，它们在环境中的积累已经变得令人担忧。可以对燃烧过程中或从烟草中蒸馏时产生的7000多种化学成分进行分类。这项工作的目的是描述从CBs释放酚类化合物的速率，以确定新鲜熏制的CBs中这些化合物的含量，并监测CBs中酚向新鲜天然水中的释放。所选酚类化合物（对苯二酚，间苯二酚,邻苯二酚,苯酚,愈创木酚,邻甲酚,间甲酚,对甲酚）在水中监测48小时。对于所有分析物，在10小时内提取了超过90％的内容物。在五个不同品牌的CB中测定了酚含量。每个新鲜熏制的CB样品的酚总含量为215-861µg/CB。对于所有分析的CB，苯酚,邻苯二酚和对苯二酚是最丰富的分析物，占测定的所有酚类含量的75％。在所有分析样品中，苯酚是最丰富的分析物（64.6-267.8µg/CB）。邻苯二酚的含量，第二丰富的分析物，为45.6-221.2µg/CB，第三丰富的分析物是氢醌（41.71-157.5µg/CB）。监测从CBs到新鲜天然水域的酚释放(河，stream,池塘）在稳定和轻微移动的条件下表明，释放动力学不受水类型的影响。相反,释放的化合物的分解过程受水的类型的影响。CBs提取物中单个酚的最大浓度与通过实验室提取确定的浓度相当，因此表明在72小时内，大部分酚类化合物从CBs释放到天然水中。这项研究提供了有关CBs中酚含量和释放到水中的速率的缺失信息。因此，它补充了以前发表的关于CBs作为环境污染来源的信息。
