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Abstract：
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a significant viral pathogen causing upper respiratory tract and oral diseases in cats. The emergence of the virulent systemic FCV variant (VS-FCV) has raised global concern in the past decade. This study aims to explore the epidemiology, genetic characterization, and diversity of FCV strains circulating among Thai cats. Various sample types, including nasal, oral, and oropharyngeal swabs and fresh tissues, were collected from 184 cats across different regions of Thailand from 2016 to 2021. Using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), FCV infection was investigated, with additional screening for feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) by qPCR. The detection rates for FCV, FHV-1, and co-infection were 46.7, 65.8, and 31.5%, respectively. Significantly, the odds ratio (OR) revealed a strong association between the detection of a single FCV and the presence of gingivostomatitis lesions (OR: 7.15, 95% CI: 1.89-26.99, p = 0.004). In addition, FCV detection is notably less likely in vaccinated cats (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07-0.75, p = 0.015). Amino acid sequence analysis based on the VP1 major capsid protein gene of the 14 FCV-Thai (FCV-TH) strains revealed genetic diversity compared to the other 43 global strains (0 to 86.6%). Intriguingly, a vaccine-like FCV variant was detected in one cat. In summary, this study provides insights into the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of FCV diversity within the Thai cat population for the first time. The identification of unique physicochemical characteristics in the capsid hypervariable region of some FCV-TH strains challenges previous hypotheses. Therefore, further exploration of vaccine-like FCV variants is crucial for a comprehensive understanding and to improve viral prevention and control strategies.
摘要：
猫杯状病毒（FCV）是引起猫上呼吸道和口腔疾病的重要病毒病原体。在过去的十年中，毒性系统FCV变体（VS-FCV）的出现引起了全球关注。本研究旨在探讨流行病学,遗传表征，以及在泰国猫中传播的FCV菌株的多样性。各种样品类型，包括鼻部,口服,口咽拭子和新鲜组织，从2016年到2021年，从泰国不同地区的184只猫中收集。使用逆转录实时聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR），FCV感染进行了调查，通过qPCR进一步筛选猫疱疹病毒-1（FHV-1）。FCV的检测率，FHV-1，合并感染分别为46.7％，65.8％和31.5％，分别。重要的是,比值比(OR)显示,单个FCV的检测与牙龈口炎病变的存在密切相关(OR:7.15,95%CI:1.89-26.99,p=0.004).此外,在接种疫苗的猫中FCV检测的可能性明显较小(OR:0.22,95%CI:0.07-0.75,p=0.015)。基于14个FCV-泰国（FCV-TH）菌株的VP1主要衣壳蛋白基因的氨基酸序列分析揭示了与其他43个全球菌株（0至86.6％）相比的遗传多样性。有趣的是，在一只猫中检测到疫苗样FCV变异。总之,这项研究首次为泰国猫种群中FCV多样性的流行病学和分子特征提供了见解。某些FCV-TH菌株的衣壳高变区中独特的物理化学特征的鉴定挑战了先前的假设。因此,进一步探索疫苗样FCV变体对于全面了解和改进病毒预防和控制策略至关重要.
