PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Hair, or hair-like fibrillar structures, are ubiquitous in biology, from fur on the bodies of mammals, over trichomes of plants, to the mastigonemes on the flagella of single-celled organisms. While these long and slender protuberances are passive, they are multifunctional and help to mediate interactions with the environment. They provide thermal insulation, sensory information, reversible adhesion, and surface modulation (e.g., superhydrophobicity). This review will present various functions that biological hairs have been discovered to carry out, with the hairs spanning across six orders of magnitude in size, from the millimeter-thick fur of mammals down to the nanometer-thick fibrillar ultrastructures on bateriophages. The hairs are categorized according to their functions, including protection (e.g., thermal regulation and defense), locomotion, feeding, and sensing. By understanding the versatile functions of biological hairs, bio-inspired solutions may be developed across length scales.
摘要：
头发,或毛发状纤维结构，在生物学中无处不在，来自哺乳动物身体上的毛皮，在植物的毛状体上，单细胞生物鞭毛上的mstigonemes。虽然这些细长的突起是被动的，它们是多功能的，有助于调解与环境的互动。它们提供隔热，感官信息，可逆粘附,和表面调制(例如，超疏水性）。这篇综述将介绍生物毛发已被发现执行的各种功能，头发的大小跨越六个数量级，从哺乳动物的毫米厚皮毛到蝙蝠噬菌体上的纳米厚纤维状超微结构。头发根据它们的功能进行分类，包括保护(例如，热调节和防御)，运动，喂养,和感应。通过了解生物毛发的多功能功能，生物启发的解决方案可能会在长度范围内开发。
