PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Social support provided by a family member has been found to have a buffering effect on distress and is associated with better diabetes self-care. This study explores the meaning of social support, as described by close family members of foreign-born people living with type 2 diabetes (PWDM) in Sweden. It also explores the support provided by family members, and the support they need to be able to support the PWDM.
METHODS: Qualitative explorative study, semi-structured interviews for data collection. Qualitative content analysis based on a theoretical framework on social support. Purposive sample of 13 family members, 18-52-years-old, born in countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Russia.
RESULTS: The meaning of support was described as social and emotional. Most participants described a stressful situation; feelings of sadness/worry about the risk of the PWDM developing complications added to a strained life situation from which one could not opt out. Frequent daily contacts in a family network were evident, particularly by children trained as healthcare professionals. Caring for a family member was considered a filial piety, but it was also a chance to reciprocate. The support provided was mainly informational (e.g., reminders about nutritional intake), but it was also instrumental/practical (administering medicines, helping with economy/logistics, planning/cooking meals, basic care) and emotional (sharing meals, thoughts, and activities). The support the family members needed was getting first-hand information by attending the physician visits, being able to book appointments themselves at suitable times, and preventing the withholding of important information about the PWDM. They also desired an open telephone-line, oral and written information, particularly on diet.
CONCLUSIONS: To family-members, supporting the PWDM was normal and a filial piety. Support provided and needed was not only informational but also instrumental/practical and emotional. In diabetes care, addressing foreign-born individuals, diabetes education needs to be developed, also including family members. Informational material, particularly on diet, and improved access to healthcare and information about the healthcare system have the potential to increase family members\' control over the situation and prevent a negative trajectory in caregiving with perceived demands causing high levels of stress.
METHODS: Qualitative explorative study, semi-structured interviews for data collection. Qualitative content analysis based on a theoretical framework on social support. Purposive sample of 13 family members, 18-52-years-old, born in countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Russia.
RESULTS: The meaning of support was described as social and emotional. Most participants described a stressful situation; feelings of sadness/worry about the risk of the PWDM developing complications added to a strained life situation from which one could not opt out. Frequent daily contacts in a family network were evident, particularly by children trained as healthcare professionals. Caring for a family member was considered a filial piety, but it was also a chance to reciprocate. The support provided was mainly informational (e.g., reminders about nutritional intake), but it was also instrumental/practical (administering medicines, helping with economy/logistics, planning/cooking meals, basic care) and emotional (sharing meals, thoughts, and activities). The support the family members needed was getting first-hand information by attending the physician visits, being able to book appointments themselves at suitable times, and preventing the withholding of important information about the PWDM. They also desired an open telephone-line, oral and written information, particularly on diet.
CONCLUSIONS: To family-members, supporting the PWDM was normal and a filial piety. Support provided and needed was not only informational but also instrumental/practical and emotional. In diabetes care, addressing foreign-born individuals, diabetes education needs to be developed, also including family members. Informational material, particularly on diet, and improved access to healthcare and information about the healthcare system have the potential to increase family members\' control over the situation and prevent a negative trajectory in caregiving with perceived demands causing high levels of stress.
摘要：
背景：已发现家庭成员提供的社会支持对痛苦具有缓冲作用，并与更好的糖尿病自我护理有关。本研究探讨了社会支持的含义，正如瑞典2型糖尿病（PWDM）的外国出生者的近亲成员所描述的那样。它还探讨了家庭成员提供的支持，以及他们能够支持PWDM所需的支持。
方法：定性探索性研究，数据收集的半结构化访谈。基于社会支持理论框架的定性内容分析。13个家庭成员的目标样本，18-52岁,出生在中东国家，非洲,和俄罗斯。
结果：支持的含义被描述为社交和情感。大多数参与者描述了一种紧张的情况;悲伤/担心PWDM发展并发症的风险增加了一个紧张的生活情况，人们不能选择退出。在家庭网络中频繁的日常接触是显而易见的，特别是接受过医疗保健专业人员培训的儿童。照顾家人被认为是一种孝道，但这也是一个回报的机会。提供的支持主要是信息性的(例如，关于营养摄入的提醒)，但它也是工具/实用的(管理药物，帮助经济/物流，计划/烹饪饭菜，基本护理)和情感(分享膳食，思想,和活动)。家庭成员需要的支持是通过就诊医生获得第一手信息，能够在合适的时间自己预约，并防止隐瞒有关PWDM的重要信息。他们还希望有一条开放的电话线，口头和书面信息，特别是在饮食方面。
结论：对于家庭成员，支持PWDM是正常的和孝顺的。提供和需要的支持不仅是信息，而且是工具/实用和情感上的。在糖尿病护理中，针对外国出生的人，糖尿病教育需要发展，也包括家庭成员。信息材料，特别是在饮食方面，和改善获得医疗保健和医疗保健系统的信息有可能增加家庭成员对情况的控制，并防止护理中的负面轨迹，感知需求会导致高水平的压力。
方法：定性探索性研究，数据收集的半结构化访谈。基于社会支持理论框架的定性内容分析。13个家庭成员的目标样本，18-52岁,出生在中东国家，非洲,和俄罗斯。
结果：支持的含义被描述为社交和情感。大多数参与者描述了一种紧张的情况;悲伤/担心PWDM发展并发症的风险增加了一个紧张的生活情况，人们不能选择退出。在家庭网络中频繁的日常接触是显而易见的，特别是接受过医疗保健专业人员培训的儿童。照顾家人被认为是一种孝道，但这也是一个回报的机会。提供的支持主要是信息性的(例如，关于营养摄入的提醒)，但它也是工具/实用的(管理药物，帮助经济/物流，计划/烹饪饭菜，基本护理)和情感(分享膳食，思想,和活动)。家庭成员需要的支持是通过就诊医生获得第一手信息，能够在合适的时间自己预约，并防止隐瞒有关PWDM的重要信息。他们还希望有一条开放的电话线，口头和书面信息，特别是在饮食方面。
结论：对于家庭成员，支持PWDM是正常的和孝顺的。提供和需要的支持不仅是信息，而且是工具/实用和情感上的。在糖尿病护理中，针对外国出生的人，糖尿病教育需要发展，也包括家庭成员。信息材料，特别是在饮食方面，和改善获得医疗保健和医疗保健系统的信息有可能增加家庭成员对情况的控制，并防止护理中的负面轨迹，感知需求会导致高水平的压力。
