Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Airway glottic insufficiency, or glottal gap, may lead to a breathy voice quality. It is hypothesized that a glottal gap may be a source of nonlinearity in speech production. This study aims to gain a chaotic and acoustic profile of glottal gap voice provided by phonation of excised larynges subjected to the insertion of a metal shim in the posterior glottis.
METHODS: Nonrandomized quasi-experimental study.
METHODS: Posterior glottal gap varied from 0 to 3.5 mm in 0.5 mm intervals. Each treatment was investigated independently in a sample population of eight excised canine larynges. Phonation of the larynges for each treatment was recorded and analyzed for the cepstral peak prominence (CPP), harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and correlation dimension.
RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests yielded significant differences across shim groups for all parameters. Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc tests revealed that the control group differed significantly from the 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 mm groups for all metrics. Moreover, Kendall correlation tests indicated a moderately positive correlation between glottal gap size and correlation dimension, a moderately negative correlation between glottal gap size and CPP and between glottal gap size and the HNR.
CONCLUSIONS: Glottic insufficiency provides a source of nonlinearity in phonation. Nonlinear dynamic analysis provides quantitative insight into glottal gap voice. This study encourages future studies to further evaluate the relationship between glottal gap and correlation dimension.
METHODS: Nonrandomized quasi-experimental study.
METHODS: Posterior glottal gap varied from 0 to 3.5 mm in 0.5 mm intervals. Each treatment was investigated independently in a sample population of eight excised canine larynges. Phonation of the larynges for each treatment was recorded and analyzed for the cepstral peak prominence (CPP), harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and correlation dimension.
RESULTS: Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests yielded significant differences across shim groups for all parameters. Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc tests revealed that the control group differed significantly from the 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 mm groups for all metrics. Moreover, Kendall correlation tests indicated a moderately positive correlation between glottal gap size and correlation dimension, a moderately negative correlation between glottal gap size and CPP and between glottal gap size and the HNR.
CONCLUSIONS: Glottic insufficiency provides a source of nonlinearity in phonation. Nonlinear dynamic analysis provides quantitative insight into glottal gap voice. This study encourages future studies to further evaluate the relationship between glottal gap and correlation dimension.
摘要：
目的：气道声门功能不全，或者声门间隙，可能会导致呼吸的声音质量。假设声门间隙可能是语音产生中的非线性源。这项研究旨在获得声门间隙语音的混沌和声学特征，该声门间隙语音是通过在后声门中插入金属垫片而切除的喉的发声提供的。
方法：非随机准实验研究。
方法：后声门间隙以0.5mm的间隔从0到3.5mm变化。在八个切除犬喉的样本人群中独立研究了每种治疗方法。记录每次治疗的喉部声响，并分析倒谱峰突出（CPP）。谐波噪声比(HNR)，和相关维度。
结果：Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验在所有参数的各垫片组之间均有显著差异。Dunn-Bonferroni事后检验显示，对照组与所有指标的1.5、2、2.5、3和3.5mm组均有显着差异。此外，Kendall相关检验表明，声门间隙大小和相关维度之间存在中度正相关，声门间隙大小与CPP之间以及声门间隙大小与HNR之间呈中度负相关。
结论：声门功能不全提供了发声非线性的来源。非线性动态分析提供了对声门间隙语音的定量见解。这项研究鼓励未来的研究进一步评估声门间隙和相关维度之间的关系。
方法：非随机准实验研究。
方法：后声门间隙以0.5mm的间隔从0到3.5mm变化。在八个切除犬喉的样本人群中独立研究了每种治疗方法。记录每次治疗的喉部声响，并分析倒谱峰突出（CPP）。谐波噪声比(HNR)，和相关维度。
结果：Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验在所有参数的各垫片组之间均有显著差异。Dunn-Bonferroni事后检验显示，对照组与所有指标的1.5、2、2.5、3和3.5mm组均有显着差异。此外，Kendall相关检验表明，声门间隙大小和相关维度之间存在中度正相关，声门间隙大小与CPP之间以及声门间隙大小与HNR之间呈中度负相关。
结论：声门功能不全提供了发声非线性的来源。非线性动态分析提供了对声门间隙语音的定量见解。这项研究鼓励未来的研究进一步评估声门间隙和相关维度之间的关系。
