Abstract：
This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed and summarized the growing literature on the effectiveness of chatbot-delivered interventions in increasing uptake, intention, and attitudes related to any type of vaccination. We identified randomized controlled studies (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, and non-experimental studies from the following platforms: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Global Health, APA PsycInfo, and EMBASE databases. A total of 12 eligible studies published from 2019 to 2023 were analyzed and summarized. In particular, one RCT showed that a chatbot-delivered tailored intervention was more effective than a chatbot-delivered non-tailored intervention in promoting seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among older adults (50.5% versus 35.3%, p = 0.002). Six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of chatbot interventions to improve vaccination attitudes and intentions. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) of overall attitude change was 0.34 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.13, 0.55, p = 0.001). We found a non-significant trivial effect of chatbot interventions on improving intentions of vaccination (SMD: 0.11, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.34, p = 0.38). However, further evidence is needed to draw a more precise conclusion. Additionally, study participants reported high satisfaction levels of using the chatbot and were likely to recommend it to others. The development of chatbots is still nascent and rooms for improvement exist.
摘要：
本系统综述和荟萃分析分析并总结了越来越多的关于聊天机器人提供的干预措施在增加摄取方面的有效性的文献。意图,以及与任何类型的疫苗接种有关的态度。我们确定了随机对照研究(RCT)，准实验研究,以及来自以下平台的非实验研究：PubMed，WebofScience,MEDLINE,全球卫生,APAPsycInfo，EMBASE数据库。对2019年至2023年发表的12项符合条件的研究进行了分析和总结。特别是,一项RCT显示，聊天机器人提供的定制干预在促进老年人季节性流感疫苗摄取方面比聊天机器人提供的非定制干预更有效(50.5%对35.3%,p=0.002)。在荟萃分析中包括六个RCT，以评估聊天机器人干预措施改善疫苗接种态度和意图的有效性。总体态度变化的合并标准平均差（SMD）为0.34（95％置信区间[CI]：0.13，0.55，p=0.001）。我们发现聊天机器人干预对改善疫苗接种意向的影响不显著(SMD:0.11,95%CI:-0.13,0.34,p=0.38)。然而,需要进一步的证据来得出更准确的结论。此外,研究参与者报告说，使用聊天机器人的满意度很高，并且可能会推荐给其他人。聊天机器人的发展仍处于起步阶段，存在改进的空间。
