Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Cefmetazole (CMZ) is a carbapenem-sparing option in the treatment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial infection. In this pilot study, we aimed to compare the effects of antimicrobial treatment (meropenem [MP] and CMZ) with those of no antimicrobial treatment (control group) on the microbiome.
METHODS: The study was a multicenter, prospective, observational pilot study conducted from October 2020 to October 2022. Feces and saliva samples were collected for microbiome analyses at two time points (early-period: days 1-3; and late-period: days 4-30) for the antimicrobial treatment group, and at one time point for the control group.
RESULTS: Five feces (MP-F and CMZ-F) and five saliva (MP-S and CMZ-S) samples were included in the MP and the CMZ groups. Ten feces (C-F) and saliva (C-S) samples were included in the control group. Group α diversity was notably lower in the late-period MP-F group than the control group as determined with the Shannon richness index. β diversity analysis of the feces samples based on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances revealed distinctions in both the late-period CMZ-F and MP-F groups compared with the control group. Weighted UniFrac analysis showed that only the early-period MP-F group differed from the control group. In the saliva samples, weighted and unweighted UniFrac analyses showed significant differences between the control group and the early CMZ, late CMZ, and late MP groups.
CONCLUSIONS: MP treatment may cause larger impact on the feces microbiome than CMZ in Japanese patients.
METHODS: The study was a multicenter, prospective, observational pilot study conducted from October 2020 to October 2022. Feces and saliva samples were collected for microbiome analyses at two time points (early-period: days 1-3; and late-period: days 4-30) for the antimicrobial treatment group, and at one time point for the control group.
RESULTS: Five feces (MP-F and CMZ-F) and five saliva (MP-S and CMZ-S) samples were included in the MP and the CMZ groups. Ten feces (C-F) and saliva (C-S) samples were included in the control group. Group α diversity was notably lower in the late-period MP-F group than the control group as determined with the Shannon richness index. β diversity analysis of the feces samples based on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances revealed distinctions in both the late-period CMZ-F and MP-F groups compared with the control group. Weighted UniFrac analysis showed that only the early-period MP-F group differed from the control group. In the saliva samples, weighted and unweighted UniFrac analyses showed significant differences between the control group and the early CMZ, late CMZ, and late MP groups.
CONCLUSIONS: MP treatment may cause larger impact on the feces microbiome than CMZ in Japanese patients.
摘要：
背景：头孢美唑（CMZ）是一种碳青霉烯类药物，用于治疗产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的细菌感染。在这项试点研究中，我们的目的是比较抗菌治疗(美罗培南[MP]和CMZ)和不抗菌治疗(对照组)对微生物组的影响.
方法：这项研究是一个多中心，prospective,2020年10月至2022年10月进行的观察性试点研究。在两个时间点（早期：第1-3天和后期：第4-30天）收集粪便和唾液样本进行微生物组分析，对照组在一个时间点。
结果:在MP和CMZ组中包括5个粪便(MP-F和CMZ-F)和5个唾液(MP-S和CMZ-S)样品。对照组包括10个粪便(C-F)和唾液(C-S)样品。根据Shannon丰富度指数确定，后期MP-F组的α组多样性明显低于对照组。基于加权和未加权UniFrac距离的粪便样本的Beta多样性分析显示，与对照组相比，后期CMZ-F和MP-F组存在差异。加权UniFrac分析表明，只有早期MP-F组与对照组不同。在唾液样本中，加权和未加权UniFrac分析显示，对照组和早期CMZ之间存在显着差异，后期CMZ,和后期MP组。
结论：在日本患者中，与CMZ相比，MP治疗可能对粪便微生物组产生更大的影响。
方法：这项研究是一个多中心，prospective,2020年10月至2022年10月进行的观察性试点研究。在两个时间点（早期：第1-3天和后期：第4-30天）收集粪便和唾液样本进行微生物组分析，对照组在一个时间点。
结果:在MP和CMZ组中包括5个粪便(MP-F和CMZ-F)和5个唾液(MP-S和CMZ-S)样品。对照组包括10个粪便(C-F)和唾液(C-S)样品。根据Shannon丰富度指数确定，后期MP-F组的α组多样性明显低于对照组。基于加权和未加权UniFrac距离的粪便样本的Beta多样性分析显示，与对照组相比，后期CMZ-F和MP-F组存在差异。加权UniFrac分析表明，只有早期MP-F组与对照组不同。在唾液样本中，加权和未加权UniFrac分析显示，对照组和早期CMZ之间存在显着差异，后期CMZ,和后期MP组。
结论：在日本患者中，与CMZ相比，MP治疗可能对粪便微生物组产生更大的影响。
