Abstract：
The timing, rate, and quantity of gestational alcohol consumption, collectively referred to here as Maternal Drinking Patterns (MDPs), are of known importance to fetal developmental outcomes. However, few studies have directly evaluated the impact of MDPs on offspring behavior. To do so, we used specialized equipment to record the precise amount and timing of alcohol consumption in pregnant dams, and then characterized MDPs using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). We next tested offspring on behaviors we have previously identified as impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure, and evaluated them where possible in the context of MDPs. Male alcohol exposed mice exhibited longer latencies to fall on the rotarod compared to their controls, which we attribute to a delayed decrease in body weight-gain. This effect was mediated by MDPs within the first 15 min of alcohol access (i.e. alcohol frontloading), where the highest performing male offspring came from dams exhibiting the highest rate of alcohol frontloading. Female alcohol exposed mice displayed reduced locomotor activity in the open field compared to controls, which was mediated by MDPs encompassing the entire drinking session. Surprisingly, total gestational alcohol exposure alone was not associated with any behavioral outcomes. Finally, we observed allodynia in alcohol exposed mice that developed more quickly in males compared to females, and which was not observed in controls. To our knowledge, this report represents the highest resolution assessment of alcohol drinking throughout gestation in mice, and one of few to have identified relationships between specific alcohol MDPs and neurobehavioral outcomes in offspring.
摘要：
时间,rate,和妊娠期酒精摄入量，这里统称为产妇饮酒模式(MDP)，已知对胎儿发育结局很重要。然而,很少有研究直接评估MDPs对后代行为的影响。要做到这一点，我们使用专门的设备来记录怀孕水坝饮酒的精确数量和时间，然后使用主成分分析(PCA)对MDP进行表征。接下来，我们测试了后代先前确定的受产前酒精暴露影响的行为，并在可能的情况下在MDPs的背景下对其进行评估。与对照组相比，雄性酒精暴露小鼠在旋转杆上的潜伏期更长，我们将其归因于体重增加的延迟下降。这种效应是由MDP在酒精进入的前15分钟内介导的（即酒精前装），表现最好的雄性后代来自表现出最高酒精含量的水坝。与对照组相比，暴露于酒精的雌性小鼠在开放视野中的运动活动减少，这是由包含整个饮酒时段的MDP介导的。令人惊讶的是,仅妊娠总酒精暴露与任何行为结局无关.最后,我们观察到酒精暴露小鼠的异常性疼痛，男性比女性发展得更快，在对照组中未观察到。据我们所知,这份报告代表了对小鼠整个妊娠期间饮酒的最高分辨率评估，也是少数确定特定酒精MDP与后代神经行为结果之间关系的人之一。
