Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether higher level or improvements over time in pain self-efficacy (PSE) and expectations of intervention effectiveness lead to better outcomes and whether the intervention used to manage rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) impacts PSE and expectations over time.
METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial.
METHODS: 123 individuals (48 [15] years old; 51% female) with RCRSP.
METHODS: Participants randomised into one of three 12-weeks interventions (education; education and motor control exercises; education and strengthening exercises).
METHODS: QuickDASH and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) were administered at baseline and 12 weeks. Pain self-efficacy was assessed at 0 and 6 weeks. Patients\' expectations regarding intervention effectiveness were assessed before randomisation and after the first and the last intervention sessions. NparLD were used for the analyses. A time effect indicated a significant change in patients\' expectations or PSE over time, while a resolution effect indicated a significant difference in patients\' expectations or PSE between those whose symptoms resolved and those whose did not.
RESULTS: Patients\' expectations (-3 to 3) increased over time (0.33/3 [0.19 to 0.77]). Overall expectations were higher for those who experienced symptom resolution based on the WORC (0.19/3 [0.05 to 0.33]). PSE increased over time (5.5/60 [3.6 to 7.4]). Overall PSE was higher for those who experienced symptom resolution based on the WORC (7.0 [3.9 to 10.1]) and the QuickDASH (4.9 [1.7 to 8.2]).
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider monitoring PSE and patients\' expectations as they are important indicators of outcome. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.
METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial.
METHODS: 123 individuals (48 [15] years old; 51% female) with RCRSP.
METHODS: Participants randomised into one of three 12-weeks interventions (education; education and motor control exercises; education and strengthening exercises).
METHODS: QuickDASH and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) were administered at baseline and 12 weeks. Pain self-efficacy was assessed at 0 and 6 weeks. Patients\' expectations regarding intervention effectiveness were assessed before randomisation and after the first and the last intervention sessions. NparLD were used for the analyses. A time effect indicated a significant change in patients\' expectations or PSE over time, while a resolution effect indicated a significant difference in patients\' expectations or PSE between those whose symptoms resolved and those whose did not.
RESULTS: Patients\' expectations (-3 to 3) increased over time (0.33/3 [0.19 to 0.77]). Overall expectations were higher for those who experienced symptom resolution based on the WORC (0.19/3 [0.05 to 0.33]). PSE increased over time (5.5/60 [3.6 to 7.4]). Overall PSE was higher for those who experienced symptom resolution based on the WORC (7.0 [3.9 to 10.1]) and the QuickDASH (4.9 [1.7 to 8.2]).
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider monitoring PSE and patients\' expectations as they are important indicators of outcome. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.
摘要：
目的：确定疼痛自我效能（PSE）和对干预效果的期望随着时间的推移而提高或改善是否会导致更好的结果，以及用于管理肩袖相关肩痛（RCRSP）的干预是否会影响PSE和期望。
方法：对一项随机对照试验的数据进行二次分析。
方法：123例RCRSP患者（48[15]岁；51%为女性）。
方法：参与者随机分为三个为期12周的干预措施之一（教育；教育和运动控制练习；教育和强化练习）。
方法：在基线和12周时给予QuickDASH和西安大略肩袖指数（WORC）。在第0周和第6周评估疼痛自我效能。患者对干预效果的期望在随机分组前以及第一次和最后一次干预后进行评估。NparLD用于分析。时间效应表明随着时间的推移，患者的期望或PSE发生了显著变化，而缓解效应表明症状缓解的患者与未缓解的患者之间的预期或PSE存在显着差异。
结果：患者的期望（-3至3）随着时间的推移而增加（0.33/3[0.19至0.77]）。根据WORC（0.19/3[0.05至0.33]），对症状缓解的患者的总体期望较高。PSE随时间增加(5.5/60[3.6至7.4])。根据WORC（7.0[3.9至10.1]）和QuickDASH（4.9[1.7至8.2]），出现症状缓解的患者总体PSE较高。
结论：临床医生应考虑监测PSE和患者的期望，因为它们是结果的重要指标。论文的贡献。
方法：对一项随机对照试验的数据进行二次分析。
方法：123例RCRSP患者（48[15]岁；51%为女性）。
方法：参与者随机分为三个为期12周的干预措施之一（教育；教育和运动控制练习；教育和强化练习）。
方法：在基线和12周时给予QuickDASH和西安大略肩袖指数（WORC）。在第0周和第6周评估疼痛自我效能。患者对干预效果的期望在随机分组前以及第一次和最后一次干预后进行评估。NparLD用于分析。时间效应表明随着时间的推移，患者的期望或PSE发生了显著变化，而缓解效应表明症状缓解的患者与未缓解的患者之间的预期或PSE存在显着差异。
结果：患者的期望（-3至3）随着时间的推移而增加（0.33/3[0.19至0.77]）。根据WORC（0.19/3[0.05至0.33]），对症状缓解的患者的总体期望较高。PSE随时间增加(5.5/60[3.6至7.4])。根据WORC（7.0[3.9至10.1]）和QuickDASH（4.9[1.7至8.2]），出现症状缓解的患者总体PSE较高。
结论：临床医生应考虑监测PSE和患者的期望，因为它们是结果的重要指标。论文的贡献。
