Abstract：
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease, without any curative treatment. Obesity being the main modifiable risk factor for OA, much attention focused on the role of adipose tissues (AT). In addition to the involvement of visceral and subcutaneous AT via systemic ways, many arguments also highlight the involvement of local AT, present in joint tissues. Local AT include intra-articular AT (IAAT), which border the synovium, and bone marrow AT (BMAT) localized within marrow cavities in the bones. This review describes the known features and involvement of IAAT and BMAT in joint homeostasis and OA. Recent findings evidence that alteration in magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of infrapatellar fat pad can be predictive of the development and progression of knee OA. IAAT and synovium are partners of the same functional unit; IAAT playing an early and pivotal role in synovial inflammation and fibrosis and OA pain. BMAT, whose functions have only recently begun to be studied, is in close functional interaction with its microenvironment. The volume and molecular profile of BMAT change according to the pathophysiological context, enabling fine regulation of haematopoiesis and bone metabolism. Although its role in OA has not yet been studied, the localization of BMAT, its functions and the importance of the bone remodelling processes that occur in OA argue in favour of a role for BMAT in OA.
摘要：
骨关节炎（OA）是最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，没有任何治疗。肥胖是OA的主要可改变的危险因素，许多注意力集中在脂肪组织(AT)的作用上。除了通过全身途径累及内脏和皮下AT外，许多论点也强调了当地AT的参与，存在于关节组织中。局部AT包括关节内AT(IAAT),与滑膜接壤，和骨髓AT（BMAT）位于骨骼的骨髓腔内。这篇综述描述了IAAT和BMAT在联合稳态和OA中的已知特征和参与。最近的发现表明，髌下脂肪垫的磁共振成像信号强度的改变可以预测膝关节OA的发生和发展。IAAT和滑膜是同一功能单元的合作伙伴；IAAT在滑膜炎症，纤维化和OA疼痛中起着早期和关键作用。BMAT,其功能最近才开始研究，与其微环境处于密切的功能相互作用。根据病理生理背景，BMAT的体积和分子谱发生变化，能够精细调节造血和骨代谢。虽然其在OA中的作用尚未被研究,BMAT的本地化，其功能和OA中发生的骨重塑过程的重要性支持BMAT在OA中的作用。
