Abstract：
Biochar, a carbon-rich material with a unique surface chemistry (high abundance of surface functional groups, large surface area, and well-distributed), has shown great potential as a sustainable solution for industrial wastewater treatment as compared to conventional industrial wastewater treatment techniques demand substantial energy consumption and generate detrimental byproducts. This critical review emphasizes the surface functionalities formation and development in biochar to enhance its physiochemical properties, for utilization in antibiotics removal. Factors affecting the formation of functionalities, including carbonization processes, feedstock materials, operating parameters, and the influence of pre-post treatments, are thoroughly highlighted to understand the crucial role of factors influencing biochar properties for optimal antibiotics removal. Furthermore, the research explores the removal mechanisms and interactions of biochar-based surface functionalities, hydrogen bonding, encompassing electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, π-π interactions, and electron donor and acceptor interactions, to provide insights into the adsorption/removal behavior of antibiotics on biochar surfaces. The review also explains the mechanism of factors influencing the removal of antibiotics in industrial wastewater treatment, including particle size and pore structure, nature and types of surface functional groups, pH and surface charge, temperature, surface modification strategies, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, biochar dose, pollutant concentration, contact time, and the presence of coexisting ions and other substances. Finally, the study offers reusability and regeneration, challenges and future perspectives on the development of biochar-based adsorbents and their applications in addressing antibiotics. It concludes by summarizing the key findings and emphasizing the significance of biochar as a sustainable and effective solution for mitigating antibiotics contamination in industrial wastewater.
摘要：
生物炭,一种富含碳的材料，具有独特的表面化学性质(高丰度的表面官能团，大表面积,并且分布良好)，与传统的工业废水处理技术相比，作为工业废水处理的可持续解决方案显示出巨大的潜力，需要大量的能源消耗并产生有害的副产物。这篇重要的综述强调了生物炭中表面功能的形成和发展，以增强其理化性质，用于抗生素去除。影响官能团形成的因素，包括碳化过程，原材料，操作参数,以及前后处理的影响，彻底强调，以了解影响生物炭特性的因素对最佳抗生素去除的关键作用。此外，本研究探讨了生物炭基表面官能团的去除机理和相互作用，氢键,包括静电相互作用，疏水相互作用，π-π相互作用，以及电子供体和受体的相互作用，为抗生素在生物炭表面的吸附/去除行为提供见解。本文还阐述了工业废水处理中影响抗生素去除的因素的机理。包括粒度和孔结构，表面官能团的性质和类型，pH和表面电荷，温度,表面改性策略，疏水性/亲水性，生物炭剂量，污染物浓度,接触时间,以及共存离子和其他物质的存在。最后,这项研究提供了可重复使用性和再生性，关于生物炭基吸附剂的发展及其在解决抗生素方面的应用的挑战和未来前景。总结了主要发现，并强调了生物炭作为减轻工业废水中抗生素污染的可持续有效解决方案的重要性。
