Abstract：
The widespread use of low or medium pressure mercury lamps in UV-C water disinfection should consider recent advances in UV-C LED lamps that offer a more sustainable approach and avoid its main drawbacks. The type of water and the mode of operation are critical when deciding on the treatment technology to be used. Therefore, this study investigates the potential application of UV-C LED disinfection technology in terms of kinetics, environmental assessment, and economic analysis for two scenarios: the continuous disinfection of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and disinfection of harvested rainwater (RWH) in a residential household that operates intermittently. Experiments are conducted using both the new UV-C LED system and the conventional mercury lamp to disinfect real wastewater. Removal of total coliforms and Escherichia coli bacteria, with concentrations of approximately 105 and 104 CFU per 100 mL has been followed to assess the performance of both types of UV-C lamps. The experimental study provides kinetic parameters that have been further used in the environmental assessment conducted from a life cycle perspective. Additionally, considering the significant role of electricity consumption, a preliminary economic analysis has been conducted. The results indicate that first-order kinetic constants of pathogens removal with UV-C LEDs achieve 1.4 times higher values than Hg lamp. Regarding the environmental and economic assessment, for disinfection systems operating continuously, LEDs result in environmental impacts 5 times higher than Hg lamp in most categories, indicating that Hg lamps offer a viable option both from economic and environmental point of view. However, for installations with intermittent operation, LEDs emerge as the most competitive alternative, due to their ability to be turned on and off without affecting their lifespan. This study shows that UV-C LED lamps hold promise to replace conventional mercury lamps in a near future.
摘要：
在UV-C水消毒中广泛使用低压或中压汞灯应考虑UV-CLED灯的最新进展，这些进展提供了更可持续的方法并避免了其主要缺点。在决定要使用的处理技术时，水的类型和操作模式至关重要。因此,这项研究调查了UV-CLED消毒技术在动力学方面的潜在应用，环境评估,和两种情况的经济分析：污水处理厂(WWTP)的连续消毒，以及间歇性经营的住宅家庭中收获的雨水（RWH）的消毒。实验使用新的UV-CLED系统和常规的汞灯对实际废水进行消毒。去除总大肠菌群和大肠杆菌，每100mL的浓度约为105和104CFU，以评估两种类型的UV-C灯的性能。实验研究提供了从生命周期角度进行的环境评估中进一步使用的动力学参数。此外,考虑到电力消费的重要作用，进行了初步的经济分析。结果表明，使用UV-CLED去除病原体的一级动力学常数比Hg灯高1.4倍。关于环境和经济评估，对于连续运行的消毒系统，在大多数类别中，LED对环境的影响比Hg灯高5倍，表明从经济和环境的角度来看，汞灯都提供了可行的选择。然而,对于间歇操作的装置，LED成为最具竞争力的替代品，由于它们能够在不影响寿命的情况下打开和关闭。这项研究表明，UV-CLED灯有望在不久的将来取代传统的汞灯。
