Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Panic disorder (PD) is a common disabling condition characterized by recurrent panic attacks. Emotional and behavioral impairments are associated with functional connectivity (FC) and network abnormalities. We used the whole brain FC, modular networks, and graph-theory analysis to investigate extensive network profiles in PD.
METHODS: The functional MRI data from 82 PD and 97 controls were included. Intrinsic FC between each pair of 160 regions, 6 intra-networks, and 15 inter-networks were analyzed. The topological properties were explored.
RESULTS: PD patients showed altered FCs within the right insula, between frontal cortex-posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), frontal cortex-cerebellum, and PCC-occipital cortex (corrected P values < 0.001). Lower connections within the Sensorimotor Network (SMN) and SMN-Occipital Network (OCN) were detected (P values < 0.05). Various decreased global and local network features were found in PD (P values < 0.05). In addition, significant correlations were found between PD symptoms and nodal efficiency (Ne) in the insula (r = -0.273, P = 0.016), and the FC of the intra-insula (r = -0.226, P = 0.041).
CONCLUSIONS: PD patients present with abnormal functional brain networks, especially the decreased FC and Ne within insula, suggesting that dysfunction of information integration plays an important role in PD.
METHODS: The functional MRI data from 82 PD and 97 controls were included. Intrinsic FC between each pair of 160 regions, 6 intra-networks, and 15 inter-networks were analyzed. The topological properties were explored.
RESULTS: PD patients showed altered FCs within the right insula, between frontal cortex-posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), frontal cortex-cerebellum, and PCC-occipital cortex (corrected P values < 0.001). Lower connections within the Sensorimotor Network (SMN) and SMN-Occipital Network (OCN) were detected (P values < 0.05). Various decreased global and local network features were found in PD (P values < 0.05). In addition, significant correlations were found between PD symptoms and nodal efficiency (Ne) in the insula (r = -0.273, P = 0.016), and the FC of the intra-insula (r = -0.226, P = 0.041).
CONCLUSIONS: PD patients present with abnormal functional brain networks, especially the decreased FC and Ne within insula, suggesting that dysfunction of information integration plays an important role in PD.
摘要：
背景：恐慌症（PD）是一种常见的致残疾病，其特征是反复发作的惊恐发作。情绪和行为障碍与功能连接（FC）和网络异常有关。我们用了整个大脑FC，模块化网络，和图论分析研究PD中广泛的网络概况。
方法：纳入82个PD和97个对照的功能MRI数据。每对160个区域之间的本征FC，6个内部网络，并对15个网络间进行了分析。探索了拓扑性质。
结果：PD患者显示右侧脑岛内的FCs改变，额叶皮质-后扣带皮质（PCC）之间，额叶皮质-小脑,和PCC-枕骨皮质（校正后的P值<0.001）。在感觉运动网络（SMN）和SMN-枕骨网络（OCN）内检测到较低的连接（P值<0.05）。在PD中发现了各种减少的全局和局部网络特征（P值<0.05）。此外,脑岛的PD症状与结节效率（Ne）之间存在显着相关性（r=-0.273，P=0.016），和岛内FC(r=-0.226，P=0.041)。
结论：PD患者存在功能异常的脑网络，特别是脑岛内的FC和Ne减少，提示信息整合功能障碍在PD中起重要作用。
方法：纳入82个PD和97个对照的功能MRI数据。每对160个区域之间的本征FC，6个内部网络，并对15个网络间进行了分析。探索了拓扑性质。
结果：PD患者显示右侧脑岛内的FCs改变，额叶皮质-后扣带皮质（PCC）之间，额叶皮质-小脑,和PCC-枕骨皮质（校正后的P值<0.001）。在感觉运动网络（SMN）和SMN-枕骨网络（OCN）内检测到较低的连接（P值<0.05）。在PD中发现了各种减少的全局和局部网络特征（P值<0.05）。此外,脑岛的PD症状与结节效率（Ne）之间存在显着相关性（r=-0.273，P=0.016），和岛内FC(r=-0.226，P=0.041)。
结论：PD患者存在功能异常的脑网络，特别是脑岛内的FC和Ne减少，提示信息整合功能障碍在PD中起重要作用。
