Abstract：
The precise cause of HS/DCS is still unknown. The relatively low incidence in humans urges for an animal model with a high incidence to accelerate knowledge about genetics and optimal treatment of HS/DCS. Namely, until now, the therapies targeting genetic variants are still more experimental and sparsely used, while consensus is missing. In addition, the literature about variants and possible mutation-targeted therapies in humans and dogs consists mainly of case reports scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, an overview is provided of all currently known genetic variants in humans and dogs with HS/DCS and its subtypes, their possible mutation-targeted therapies, their efficacy, and a contemplation about the future. Several genetic variants have already been discovered in HS/DCS, of which many are shared between canine and human HS/DCS, but unique variants exist as well. Unfortunately, none of these already found variants seem to be specifically causal for HS/DCS, and the puzzle of its landscape of genetic variation is far from complete. The use of mutation-targeted therapies, including MAPK-/MEK-inhibitors and the future use of PTPN11-, CDK4/6- and PD-1-inhibitors, seems to be promising for these specific variants, but clearly, clinical trials are needed to determine optimal inhibitors and standardised protocols for all variants. It can be concluded that molecular analysis for variants and subsequent mutation-targeted therapy are an essential addition to cancer diagnostics and therapy. A joint effort of humans and dogs in research is urgently needed and will undoubtedly increase knowledge and survival of this devastating disease in dogs and humans.
摘要：
HS/DCS的确切原因仍然未知。人类中相对较低的发病率促使具有高发病率的动物模型加速关于HS/DCS的遗传学和最佳治疗的知识。即,直到现在,针对遗传变异的疗法仍然是更多的实验性和稀疏地使用，共识缺失。此外,关于人类和狗的变异和可能的突变靶向治疗的文献主要包括散布在文献中的病例报告.因此,概述了患有HS/DCS及其亚型的人类和狗中所有目前已知的遗传变异，他们可能的突变靶向治疗，其功效,和对未来的沉思。已经在HS/DCS中发现了几种遗传变异，其中许多是在犬科动物和人类HS/DCS之间共享的，但也存在独特的变体。不幸的是,这些已经发现的变体似乎都不是HS/DCS的具体因果关系，它的遗传变异景观之谜远未完成。使用突变靶向治疗，包括MAPK-/MEK抑制剂和PTPN11-的未来用途，CDK4/6-和PD-1-抑制剂，对于这些特定的变体似乎很有希望，但很明显,需要进行临床试验以确定所有变体的最佳抑制剂和标准化方案.可以得出结论，变异的分子分析和随后的突变靶向治疗是癌症诊断和治疗的重要补充。迫切需要人类和狗在研究中的共同努力，这无疑将增加狗和人类对这种毁灭性疾病的认识和生存。
