Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Long COVID, an emerging public health issue, is characterized by persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims to explore the relationship between post-COVID-19 symptomatology and patient distress employing Latent Class Analysis to uncover symptom co-occurrence patterns and their association with distress.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey among 240 participants from a university and affiliated hospital of southern Taiwan. The survey quantified distress due to persistent symptoms and assessed the prevalence of Long COVID, symptom co-occurrence, and latent symptom classes. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified distinct symptom patterns, and multiple regression models evaluated associations between symptom patterns, distress, and demographic factors.
RESULTS: The study found that 80 % of participants experienced Long COVID, with symptoms persisting for over three months. Individuals with multiple COVID-19 infections showed a significant increase in general (β = 1.79), cardiovascular (β = 0.61), and neuropsychological symptoms (β = 2.18), and higher total distress scores (β = 6.35). Three distinct symptomatology classes were identified: \"Diverse\", \"Mild\", and \"Severe\" symptomatology. The \"Mild Symptomatology\" class was associated with lower distress (-10.61), while the \"Severe Symptomatology\" class showed a significantly higher distress due to symptoms (13.32).
CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the significant impact of Long COVID on individuals, with distinct patterns of symptomatology and associated distress. It emphasizes the cumulative effect of multiple COVID-19 infections on symptom severity and the importance of tailored care strategies.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey among 240 participants from a university and affiliated hospital of southern Taiwan. The survey quantified distress due to persistent symptoms and assessed the prevalence of Long COVID, symptom co-occurrence, and latent symptom classes. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified distinct symptom patterns, and multiple regression models evaluated associations between symptom patterns, distress, and demographic factors.
RESULTS: The study found that 80 % of participants experienced Long COVID, with symptoms persisting for over three months. Individuals with multiple COVID-19 infections showed a significant increase in general (β = 1.79), cardiovascular (β = 0.61), and neuropsychological symptoms (β = 2.18), and higher total distress scores (β = 6.35). Three distinct symptomatology classes were identified: \"Diverse\", \"Mild\", and \"Severe\" symptomatology. The \"Mild Symptomatology\" class was associated with lower distress (-10.61), while the \"Severe Symptomatology\" class showed a significantly higher distress due to symptoms (13.32).
CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the significant impact of Long COVID on individuals, with distinct patterns of symptomatology and associated distress. It emphasizes the cumulative effect of multiple COVID-19 infections on symptom severity and the importance of tailored care strategies.
摘要：
背景：长COVID，一个新出现的公共卫生问题，以SARS-CoV-2感染后的持续症状为特征。这项研究旨在探讨COVID-19后症状学与患者痛苦之间的关系，采用潜在类别分析来揭示症状共现模式及其与痛苦的关联。
方法：一项横断面研究使用在线调查对来自台湾南部一所大学和附属医院的240名参与者进行。调查量化了由于持续症状引起的困扰，并评估了长型COVID的患病率，症状共现，和潜在的症状类别。潜在类别分析(LCA)确定了不同的症状模式，多元回归模型评估了症状模式之间的关联，苦恼,和人口因素。
结果：研究发现，80％的参与者经历了长COVID，症状持续三个月以上。患有多种COVID-19感染的个体总体上表现出显着增加（β=1.79），心血管（β=0.61），和神经心理症状（β=2.18），和较高的总痛苦评分（β=6.35）。确定了三个不同的症状学类别：“多样化”，\"轻度\",和“严重”症状。“轻度症状”类别与较低的痛苦相关（-10.61），而“严重症状”类别显示出由于症状引起的痛苦显着增加（13.32）。
结论：该研究强调了长COVID对个体的重大影响，具有不同的症状模式和相关的痛苦。它强调了多种COVID-19感染对症状严重程度的累积影响，以及量身定制的护理策略的重要性。
方法：一项横断面研究使用在线调查对来自台湾南部一所大学和附属医院的240名参与者进行。调查量化了由于持续症状引起的困扰，并评估了长型COVID的患病率，症状共现，和潜在的症状类别。潜在类别分析(LCA)确定了不同的症状模式，多元回归模型评估了症状模式之间的关联，苦恼,和人口因素。
结果：研究发现，80％的参与者经历了长COVID，症状持续三个月以上。患有多种COVID-19感染的个体总体上表现出显着增加（β=1.79），心血管（β=0.61），和神经心理症状（β=2.18），和较高的总痛苦评分（β=6.35）。确定了三个不同的症状学类别：“多样化”，\"轻度\",和“严重”症状。“轻度症状”类别与较低的痛苦相关（-10.61），而“严重症状”类别显示出由于症状引起的痛苦显着增加（13.32）。
结论：该研究强调了长COVID对个体的重大影响，具有不同的症状模式和相关的痛苦。它强调了多种COVID-19感染对症状严重程度的累积影响，以及量身定制的护理策略的重要性。
