Abstract：
Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic Sporothrix species commonly found in soil, mosses, and decaying plant matter. The lymphocutaneous manifestation, historically associated with occupational activities and sapronotic transmission, has recently been observed to also occur through animal contact, particularly notable in Brazil. We describe a rare case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with simultaneous pulmonary complications resulting from the scratching of a southern three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus, primarily inhabiting the arid forests of South America\'s central region. Speciation using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) established the etiological agent as S. schenckii s. str., while amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis unveiled a novel genotype circulating in the Midwest of Brazil. The patient received treatment with itraconazole (200 mg/day) for two months, leading to substantial clinical improvement of cutaneous and pulmonary symptoms. This case highlights the critical role of animal-mediated transmission in sporotrichosis epidemiology, particularly within regions with diverse armadillo species. The unusual epidemiology and genetic characteristics of this case emphasize the need for enhanced awareness and diagnostic vigilance in atypical sporotrichosis presentations.
摘要：
孢子丝菌病是由土壤中常见的双形孢子丝菌引起的全球分布的皮下真菌病，苔藓,和腐烂的植物物质。淋巴皮肤表现，历史上与职业活动和皂虫传播有关，最近观察到也通过动物接触发生，尤其是在巴西。我们描述了一例罕见的淋巴皮肤孢子丝菌病，同时伴有肺部并发症，这是由于刮伤了南部的三带状Armadillo引起的。Tolypeutesmatacus,主要居住在南美洲中部地区的干旱森林中。使用多重定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）的形态确定了病原为S.schenckiis.str。,而扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）分析揭示了一种在巴西中西部流行的新型基因型。患者接受伊曲康唑（200毫克/天）治疗两个月，导致皮肤和肺部症状的实质性临床改善。这个案例强调了动物介导的传播在孢子丝菌病流行病学中的关键作用。特别是在有不同物种的区域内。该病例的异常流行病学和遗传特征强调了在非典型孢子丝菌病表现中需要增强意识和诊断警惕。
