PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Synthetic biology is designing and creating biological tools and systems for useful purposes. It uses knowledge from biology, such as biotechnology, molecular biology, biophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and other disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. It is recognized as both a branch of science and technology. The scope of synthetic biology ranges from modifying existing organisms to gain new properties to creating a living organism from non-living components. Synthetic biology has many applications in important fields such as energy, chemistry, medicine, environment, agriculture, national security, and nanotechnology. The development of synthetic biology also raises ethical and social debates. This article aims to identify the place of ethics in synthetic biology. In this context, the theoretical ethical debates on synthetic biology from the 2000s to 2020, when the development of synthetic biology was relatively faster, were analyzed using the systematic review method. Based on the results of the analysis, the main ethical problems related to the field, problems that are likely to arise, and suggestions for solutions to these problems are included. The data collection phase of the study included a literature review conducted according to protocols, including planning, screening, selection and evaluation. The analysis and synthesis process was carried out in the next stage, and the main themes related to synthetic biology and ethics were identified. Searches were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PhilPapers and MEDLINE databases. Theoretical research articles and reviews published in peer-reviewed journals until the end of 2020 were included in the study. The language of publications was English. According to preliminary data, 1,453 publications were retrieved from the four databases. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 publications were analyzed in the study. Ethical debates on synthetic biology have been conducted on various issues. In this context, the ethical debates in this article were examined under five themes: the moral status of synthetic biology products, synthetic biology and the meaning of life, synthetic biology and metaphors, synthetic biology and knowledge, and expectations, concerns, and problem solving: risk versus caution.
摘要：
合成生物学是为有用的目的设计和创建生物工具和系统。它利用生物学知识，比如生物技术，分子生物学,生物物理学,生物化学,生物信息学，和其他学科，比如工程学，数学,计算机科学,电气工程。它被认为是科学和技术的一个分支。合成生物学的范围从修饰现有的生物体以获得新的特性到从非生物成分创造活的生物体。合成生物学在能源等重要领域有许多应用,化学,医学,环境,农业,国家安全,和纳米技术。合成生物学的发展也引发了伦理和社会辩论。本文旨在确定伦理学在合成生物学中的地位。在这种情况下，关于合成生物学的理论伦理辩论从2000年到2020年，当时合成生物学的发展相对较快，采用系统综述的方法进行了分析。根据分析结果,与该领域相关的主要道德问题，可能出现的问题，并提出了解决这些问题的建议。研究的数据收集阶段包括根据协议进行的文献综述，包括规划,筛选,选择和评价。在下一阶段进行了分析和合成过程，并确定了与合成生物学和伦理学相关的主要主题。搜索是在WebofScience中进行的，Scopus,PhilPapers和MEDLINE数据库。该研究包括在2020年底之前在同行评审期刊上发表的理论研究文章和评论。出版物的语言是英语。根据初步数据,从四个数据库中检索了1,453种出版物。考虑到纳入和排除标准，在研究中分析了58篇出版物。关于合成生物学的伦理辩论已经在各种问题上进行。在这种情况下，本文在五个主题下研究了伦理辩论：合成生物学产品的道德地位，合成生物学和生命的意义，合成生物学和隐喻，合成生物学和知识，和期望,关注,和解决问题：风险与谨慎。
