Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Human protothecosis is an uncommon infection caused by Prototheca spp that rarely infects humans.
OBJECTIVE: Description of a rare disease and a review of its articles.
METHODS: We reported a 24-year-old man who presented with red-brown papules and plaques on the trunk\'s lateral side. We reviewed the literature about disseminated protothecosis and reported our experience with a patient with protothecosis between 2021 and 2023.
RESULTS: Overall, 54 cases of disseminated protothecosis were evaluated, 39 were due to P. wickerhamii, 12 were due to P. zopfii (22.2%), and three were due to Prototheca spp. We found that males were more affected (37 cases, 68.5%) than females (16 cases, 29.6%). The mean age of patients was 39.53 ± 22.48 years. However, disseminated protothecosis can affect people of any age (1-80 years). In contrast to P. wickerhamii, which causes blood, skin, brain, and gastrointestinal tract infections, P. zopfii was mainly found in the blood (7/22) and did not have a significant difference in the mortality rate (P = 0.11).
CONCLUSIONS: Disseminated protothecosis is a rare disease in immunocompromised patients but is generally rarer in immunocompetent hosts. Several underlying disorders include immunocompromised patients, prolonged application of steroids, diabetes mellitus, malignancies, organ transplantation, AIDS, and surgeries. Amphotericin B has been the most effective agent for protothecosis and is reserved for visceral and disseminated infections. Regarding localized cutaneous types, excision or surgical debridement is used.
CONCLUSIONS: Mulberry\'s appearance and appropriate cultural environments are helpful in diagnosing it.
OBJECTIVE: Description of a rare disease and a review of its articles.
METHODS: We reported a 24-year-old man who presented with red-brown papules and plaques on the trunk\'s lateral side. We reviewed the literature about disseminated protothecosis and reported our experience with a patient with protothecosis between 2021 and 2023.
RESULTS: Overall, 54 cases of disseminated protothecosis were evaluated, 39 were due to P. wickerhamii, 12 were due to P. zopfii (22.2%), and three were due to Prototheca spp. We found that males were more affected (37 cases, 68.5%) than females (16 cases, 29.6%). The mean age of patients was 39.53 ± 22.48 years. However, disseminated protothecosis can affect people of any age (1-80 years). In contrast to P. wickerhamii, which causes blood, skin, brain, and gastrointestinal tract infections, P. zopfii was mainly found in the blood (7/22) and did not have a significant difference in the mortality rate (P = 0.11).
CONCLUSIONS: Disseminated protothecosis is a rare disease in immunocompromised patients but is generally rarer in immunocompetent hosts. Several underlying disorders include immunocompromised patients, prolonged application of steroids, diabetes mellitus, malignancies, organ transplantation, AIDS, and surgeries. Amphotericin B has been the most effective agent for protothecosis and is reserved for visceral and disseminated infections. Regarding localized cutaneous types, excision or surgical debridement is used.
CONCLUSIONS: Mulberry\'s appearance and appropriate cultural environments are helpful in diagnosing it.
摘要：
背景：人类原虫病是一种罕见的由原虫引起的感染，很少感染人类。
目的：描述一种罕见疾病并对其文章进行综述。
方法：我们报道了一名24岁男子，在躯干外侧出现红棕色丘疹和斑块。我们回顾了有关播散性原虫病的文献，并报告了我们在2021年至2023年之间的原虫病患者的经验。
结果：总体而言，对54例播散性原虫病进行评估，39例是由于P.wickerhamii，12例是由于P.zopfii（22.2%），和三个是由于原虫属物种。我们发现男性受影响更大(37例，68.5％）比女性（16例，29.6%）。患者平均年龄为39.53±22.48岁。然而,播散性原虫病可以影响任何年龄（1-80岁）的人。与P.wickerhamii相反,导致血液，皮肤,大脑,和胃肠道感染，Zopfii主要存在于血液中（7/22），死亡率没有显着差异（P=0.11）。
结论：播散性原虫病在免疫功能低下患者中是一种罕见的疾病，但在免疫功能正常的宿主中通常是罕见的。一些潜在的疾病包括免疫功能低下的患者，长期使用类固醇，糖尿病,恶性肿瘤,器官移植,艾滋病,和手术。两性霉素B是治疗原虫病的最有效药物，可用于内脏和播散性感染。关于局部皮肤类型，使用切除或手术清创术。
结论：桑树的外观和适当的文化环境有助于诊断它。
目的：描述一种罕见疾病并对其文章进行综述。
方法：我们报道了一名24岁男子，在躯干外侧出现红棕色丘疹和斑块。我们回顾了有关播散性原虫病的文献，并报告了我们在2021年至2023年之间的原虫病患者的经验。
结果：总体而言，对54例播散性原虫病进行评估，39例是由于P.wickerhamii，12例是由于P.zopfii（22.2%），和三个是由于原虫属物种。我们发现男性受影响更大(37例，68.5％）比女性（16例，29.6%）。患者平均年龄为39.53±22.48岁。然而,播散性原虫病可以影响任何年龄（1-80岁）的人。与P.wickerhamii相反,导致血液，皮肤,大脑,和胃肠道感染，Zopfii主要存在于血液中（7/22），死亡率没有显着差异（P=0.11）。
结论：播散性原虫病在免疫功能低下患者中是一种罕见的疾病，但在免疫功能正常的宿主中通常是罕见的。一些潜在的疾病包括免疫功能低下的患者，长期使用类固醇，糖尿病,恶性肿瘤,器官移植,艾滋病,和手术。两性霉素B是治疗原虫病的最有效药物，可用于内脏和播散性感染。关于局部皮肤类型，使用切除或手术清创术。
结论：桑树的外观和适当的文化环境有助于诊断它。
