PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Over 250 million individuals live with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection worldwide. A significant proportion of these people often face discrimination defined as the unjust, unfair, or prejudicial treatment of a person on the grounds of their hepatitis B status. Hepatitis B related discrimination has not been widely documented in the literature. This study aims to describe the lived experience of discrimination, document its impact, and shed light on its consequences. A hepatitis B discrimination registry was launched to record self-reported discrimination associated with hepatitis B. The registry included brief demographic questions (age, gender, country of origin), discrimination-specific questions (where, when, and how discrimination occurred), and open-ended questions to detail specific experiences. The registry was distributed to hepatitis B patient/people-focused listservs, social media networks, and community-based organizations around the globe. Descriptive data were analyzed including comparative analysis by country and type of discrimination occurring along with qualitative data (open-ended responses) which were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques A total of 569 individuals responded to the survey between May 2021 and December 2023. Individuals identified as residing in the Philippines (34%; N = 194), Nigeria (11%; N = 60), Pakistan (8%; N = 45), India (6%, N = 34), Uganda (5%; N = 31), the United States of America (4%, N = 26), Ghana (3%; N = 15), Ethiopia (2%; N = 14), and other countries in smaller number with a total of 65 countries reported discrimination at least by one individual. Of these, 461 individuals shared details about their experiences of discrimination with most relating to restrictions on access to work visas, followed by in-country hepatitis B-related employment restrictions, educational-based discrimination, discrimination within the community and health facilities, and the emotional impact of hepatitis B discrimination. This is the largest primary collection of hepatitis B-associated discrimination events and highlights how hepatitis B discrimination clearly has a significant impact on individuals\' lives and limits economic opportunities regardless of physical symptoms. Such impacts likely act as barriers to diagnosis and engagement in care, so need to be addressed to achieve the global hepatitis B elimination goals. The data highlight a need for global, national responses and more systematic responses to discrimination experienced by people with hepatitis B.
摘要：
全球超过2.5亿人患有慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）感染。这些人中有很大一部分经常面临被定义为不公正的歧视，不公平,或以乙型肝炎状况为由对某人进行偏见治疗。与乙型肝炎相关的歧视尚未在文献中得到广泛记录。这项研究旨在描述歧视的生活经验，记录其影响，并阐明其后果。启动了乙型肝炎歧视注册表，以记录与乙型肝炎相关的自我报告歧视。注册表包括简短的人口统计问题（年龄，性别,原产国)，特定于歧视的问题(其中，when,以及歧视是如何发生的)，和开放式问题，以详细说明具体的经验。注册被分发到乙型肝炎患者/人群集中的列表服务，社交媒体网络,和世界各地的社区组织。分析了描述性数据，包括按国家/地区进行的比较分析和歧视类型以及使用主题分析技术分析的定性数据（开放式答复）。2021年5月至2023年12月期间，共有569人对调查做出了回应。确定为居住在菲律宾的个人（34％；N=194），尼日利亚（11％；N=60），巴基斯坦（8％；N=45），印度（6%，N=34),乌干达（5%；N=31），美利坚合众国(4%，N=26),加纳（3%；N=15），埃塞俄比亚（2%；N=14），以及数量较少的其他国家，总共有65个国家报告至少受到一个人的歧视。其中,461人分享了他们遭受歧视的经历的细节，其中大多数涉及对获得工作签证的限制，其次是国内与乙型肝炎相关的就业限制，基于教育的歧视，社区和医疗机构内的歧视，以及乙肝歧视的情感影响。这是乙肝相关的歧视事件的最大的主要集合，并强调如何乙肝歧视显然对个人的生活和限制经济机会的显著影响，无论身体症状。这些影响可能成为诊断和参与护理的障碍，因此需要解决的问题是实现全球消除乙型肝炎的目标。这些数据凸显了对全球的需求，国家应对措施和对乙型肝炎患者所经历的歧视的更系统的应对措施
