PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: An important factor that has not been directly addressed very often in caregiver (CG) counseling to date is the quality of the relationship between the CG and the care recipient (CR). One reason is the lack of availability of a suitable assessment tool that is not strongly influenced by social desirability. Here, we present and evaluate a new item for the assessment of relationship quality (RQ) in the context of informal caregiving of older people.
METHODS: N = 962 informal caregivers of older people participated. Our item assessed RQ by providing three answer categories (positive, neutral, and negative) that were presented through the use of smiley faces. For evaluation, and to avoid bias due to social desirability, the neutral and negative categories were combined. We calculated a stepwise binary logistic regression.
RESULTS: Expected associations with the variables care burden, perceived positive aspects, and care motivation were found (all p values < 0.01). An exploratory analysis revealed that additional predictors of RQ consisted of the CR\'s age as well as whether the CR\'s diagnosis was dementia, CG\'s amount of dysfunctional coping, and whether the CG was caring for more than one CR.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that our item is well-suited for the assessment of RQ in the context of informal caregiving of older people. Because it uses language-free answer categories by means of smiley faces, our item can be applied easily. Bias due to social desirability can be minimized by dichotomization (i.e., combining the negative and neural answer categories). In future research, our tool should be evaluated in other contexts.
METHODS: N = 962 informal caregivers of older people participated. Our item assessed RQ by providing three answer categories (positive, neutral, and negative) that were presented through the use of smiley faces. For evaluation, and to avoid bias due to social desirability, the neutral and negative categories were combined. We calculated a stepwise binary logistic regression.
RESULTS: Expected associations with the variables care burden, perceived positive aspects, and care motivation were found (all p values < 0.01). An exploratory analysis revealed that additional predictors of RQ consisted of the CR\'s age as well as whether the CR\'s diagnosis was dementia, CG\'s amount of dysfunctional coping, and whether the CG was caring for more than one CR.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that our item is well-suited for the assessment of RQ in the context of informal caregiving of older people. Because it uses language-free answer categories by means of smiley faces, our item can be applied easily. Bias due to social desirability can be minimized by dichotomization (i.e., combining the negative and neural answer categories). In future research, our tool should be evaluated in other contexts.
摘要：
背景：迄今为止，在护理人员（CG）咨询中尚未直接解决的一个重要因素是CG与护理接受者（CR）之间的关系质量。原因之一是缺乏适当的评估工具，而该工具并未受到社会期望的强烈影响。这里,我们提出并评估了在非正式照顾老年人的背景下评估关系质量（RQ）的新项目。
方法：N=962名老年人非正式照顾者参加。我们的项目通过提供三个答案类别(积极，中性,和负面)通过使用笑脸呈现。为了评估，为了避免由于社会期望而产生的偏见，将中性和阴性类别合并。我们计算了逐步二元逻辑回归。
结果：与变量护理负担的预期关联，感知到的积极方面，并发现护理动机(所有p值<0.01)。一项探索性分析显示，RQ的其他预测因素包括CR的年龄以及CR的诊断是否为痴呆，CG的功能失调的应对量，以及CG是否照顾了一个以上的CR。
结论：我们得出结论，我们的项目非常适合在非正式照顾老年人的背景下评估RQ。因为它通过笑脸使用无语言的答案类别，我们的项目可以很容易地应用。由于社会期望而产生的偏见可以通过二分法来最小化(即，结合否定和神经答案类别)。在未来的研究中,我们的工具应该在其他情况下进行评估。
方法：N=962名老年人非正式照顾者参加。我们的项目通过提供三个答案类别(积极，中性,和负面)通过使用笑脸呈现。为了评估，为了避免由于社会期望而产生的偏见，将中性和阴性类别合并。我们计算了逐步二元逻辑回归。
结果：与变量护理负担的预期关联，感知到的积极方面，并发现护理动机(所有p值<0.01)。一项探索性分析显示，RQ的其他预测因素包括CR的年龄以及CR的诊断是否为痴呆，CG的功能失调的应对量，以及CG是否照顾了一个以上的CR。
结论：我们得出结论，我们的项目非常适合在非正式照顾老年人的背景下评估RQ。因为它通过笑脸使用无语言的答案类别，我们的项目可以很容易地应用。由于社会期望而产生的偏见可以通过二分法来最小化(即，结合否定和神经答案类别)。在未来的研究中,我们的工具应该在其他情况下进行评估。
