Abstract：
Gun violence, often characterized as a singular issue, is not one cohesive problem. Instead, it takes many forms resulting from the complex interplay of multiple factors. Outcomes of gun violence also vary significantly. They may be (a) physically non-injurious (a gun is brandished), (b) injurious but non-lethal, or (c) lethal. To understand and address gun violence effectively, it is essential to consider various risk factors for both non-lethal and lethal gun violence victimization, using a comprehensive, comparative framework. We present a novel comparative framework for better understanding gun violence, and for developing policy responses to this violence. We disaggregate gun violence into its various forms and propose a conceptualization of risk factors in discrete categories, each with important implications for policy intervention. While we emphasize the value of this framework for understanding and combatting interpersonal gun violence in America, the research and policy approaches discussed here should be equally applicable to other international contexts with gun violence as a serious public health issue as well.
摘要：
枪支暴力，通常被描述为一个单一的问题，不是一个有凝聚力的问题。相反，由于多种因素的复杂相互作用，它采取了多种形式。枪支暴力的结果也有很大差异。他们可能（a）身体上无伤害（挥舞着枪），(b)具伤害性但非致命性,或（c）致命。为了有效地理解和解决枪支暴力，必须考虑非致命和致命枪支暴力受害的各种危险因素，使用全面的，比较框架。我们提出了一个新的比较框架，以更好地理解枪支暴力，并制定应对这种暴力的政策。我们将枪支暴力分解为各种形式，并提出了离散类别风险因素的概念，每一个都对政策干预具有重要意义。虽然我们强调这个框架在理解和打击美国人际枪支暴力方面的价值，这里讨论的研究和政策方法应该同样适用于其他国际背景，枪支暴力也是一个严重的公共卫生问题。
