Abstract：
Plant strategies are phenotypes shaped by natural selection that enable populations to persist in a given environment. Plant strategy theory is essential for understanding the assembly of plant communities, predicting plant responses to climate change, and enhancing the restoration of our degrading biosphere. However, models of plant strategies vary widely and have tended to emphasize either functional traits or life-history traits at the expense of integrating both into a general framework to improve our ecological and evolutionary understanding of plant form and function. Advancing our understanding of plant strategies will require investment in two complementary research agendas that together will unify functional ecology and population ecology. First, we must determine what is phenotypically possible by quantifying the dimensionality of plant traits. This step requires dense taxonomic sampling of traits on species representing the broad diversity of phylogenetic clades, environmental gradients, and geographical regions found across Earth. It is important that we continue to sample traits locally and share data globally to fill biased gaps in trait databases. Second, we must test the power of traits for explaining species distributions, demographic rates, and population growth rates across gradients of resource limitation, disturbance regimes, temperature, vegetation density, and frequencies of other strategies. This step requires thoughtful, theory-driven empiricism. Reciprocal transplant experiments beyond the native range and synthetic demographic modelling are the most powerful methods to determine how trait-by-environment interactions influence fitness. Moving beyond easy-to-measure traits and evaluating the traits that are under the strongest ecological selection within different environmental contexts will improve our understanding of plant adaptations. Plant strategy theory is poised to (i) unpack the multiple dimensions of productivity and disturbance gradients and differentiate adaptations to climate and resource limitation from adaptations to disturbance, (ii) distinguish between the fundamental and realized niches of phenotypes, and (iii) articulate the distinctions and relationships between functional traits and life-history traits.
摘要：
植物策略是由自然选择形成的表型，使种群能够在给定的环境中持续存在。植物策略理论对于理解植物群落的组装至关重要，预测植物对气候变化的反应，并加强我们退化的生物圈的恢复。然而,植物策略的模型差异很大，并且倾向于强调功能特征或生活史特征，而牺牲了将两者整合到一般框架中以改善我们对植物形式和功能的生态和进化理解。推进我们对植物战略的理解将需要投资于两个互补的研究议程，这两个议程将共同统一功能生态学和种群生态学。首先,我们必须通过量化植物性状的维度来确定什么是可能的表型。这一步需要对代表系统发育进化枝广泛多样性的物种进行密集的特征分类采样，环境梯度，以及在地球上发现的地理区域。重要的是，我们继续在本地对特征进行采样，并在全球范围内共享数据，以填补特征数据库中的偏见空白。第二,我们必须测试性状解释物种分布的能力，人口比率，以及跨越资源限制梯度的人口增长率，扰动机制，温度,植被密度，以及其他策略的频率。这一步需要深思熟虑，理论驱动的经验主义。超出原生范围的相互移植实验和综合人口统计学建模是确定环境特征相互作用如何影响适应性的最有效方法。超越易于测量的性状并评估在不同环境背景下处于最强生态选择下的性状将提高我们对植物适应性的理解。植物策略理论准备（i）分解生产力和干扰梯度的多个维度，并将对气候和资源限制的适应与对干扰的适应区分开来，（ii）区分表型的基本和已实现的利基，和（iii）阐明功能特征和生活史特征之间的区别和关系。
