PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a One Health issue and a major threat to animal and human health. Antibiotic use (ABU) drives AMR development, and several hotspots for ABU, and AMR, in livestock have been identified in Southeast Asia, including Vietnam. There are often multiple drivers of ABU at farms, and to identify all of them there is a need to look beyond farm level.
OBJECTIVE: The overall aim of this study was to identify routines and/or competencies, related to antibiotic sales, among veterinary drug shop workers that may be improved in order to decrease the medically non-rational use of antibiotics in livestock production.
METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted at 50 veterinary drug shops in northern Vietnam.
RESULTS: Results showed high education and knowledge levels. According to the respondents, antibiotic treatment advice was almost always provided to the farmers, and the recommended treatment was most commonly based on recommendations for the specific disease. However, farmers had almost never had their animals properly diagnosed. Antibiotics were the most sold drug category, penicillins being the most common. Several broad-spectrum antibiotics were also quite frequently sold. Further, >50% of respondents recommended antibiotics for disease prevention.
CONCLUSIONS: Even though education and knowledge levels might be high, several challenges can prevent drug shop workers from contributing to more prudent ABU at farms, for example, lack of proper diagnosis, commercial interests and individual farmer motives, often in combination with poor compliance to regulations.
OBJECTIVE: The overall aim of this study was to identify routines and/or competencies, related to antibiotic sales, among veterinary drug shop workers that may be improved in order to decrease the medically non-rational use of antibiotics in livestock production.
METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted at 50 veterinary drug shops in northern Vietnam.
RESULTS: Results showed high education and knowledge levels. According to the respondents, antibiotic treatment advice was almost always provided to the farmers, and the recommended treatment was most commonly based on recommendations for the specific disease. However, farmers had almost never had their animals properly diagnosed. Antibiotics were the most sold drug category, penicillins being the most common. Several broad-spectrum antibiotics were also quite frequently sold. Further, >50% of respondents recommended antibiotics for disease prevention.
CONCLUSIONS: Even though education and knowledge levels might be high, several challenges can prevent drug shop workers from contributing to more prudent ABU at farms, for example, lack of proper diagnosis, commercial interests and individual farmer motives, often in combination with poor compliance to regulations.
摘要：
背景：抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是一个健康问题，是对动物和人类健康的主要威胁。抗生素使用(ABU)推动AMR发展，和ABU的几个热点，和AMR,在东南亚发现了牲畜，包括越南。农场里经常有多个ABU司机，要确定所有这些都需要超越农场水平。
目的：本研究的总体目标是确定常规和/或能力，与抗生素销售有关，在兽药店工人中，可能会得到改善，以减少畜牧业生产中抗生素的医学不合理使用。
方法：在越南北部的50家兽药商店进行了问卷调查。
结果：结果显示了较高的教育水平和知识水平。根据受访者的说法，抗生素治疗建议几乎总是提供给农民，推荐的治疗最常见的是基于特定疾病的建议。然而,农民几乎从来没有正确诊断过他们的动物。抗生素是最畅销的药物类别，青霉素是最常见的。几种广谱抗生素也经常出售。Further,>50%的受访者推荐抗生素用于疾病预防。
结论：尽管教育和知识水平可能很高，一些挑战可以阻止药店工人为农场更谨慎的ABU做出贡献，例如,缺乏正确的诊断，商业利益和农民个人动机，通常与不遵守法规相结合。
目的：本研究的总体目标是确定常规和/或能力，与抗生素销售有关，在兽药店工人中，可能会得到改善，以减少畜牧业生产中抗生素的医学不合理使用。
方法：在越南北部的50家兽药商店进行了问卷调查。
结果：结果显示了较高的教育水平和知识水平。根据受访者的说法，抗生素治疗建议几乎总是提供给农民，推荐的治疗最常见的是基于特定疾病的建议。然而,农民几乎从来没有正确诊断过他们的动物。抗生素是最畅销的药物类别，青霉素是最常见的。几种广谱抗生素也经常出售。Further,>50%的受访者推荐抗生素用于疾病预防。
结论：尽管教育和知识水平可能很高，一些挑战可以阻止药店工人为农场更谨慎的ABU做出贡献，例如,缺乏正确的诊断，商业利益和农民个人动机，通常与不遵守法规相结合。
