Abstract：
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are serious bacterial infections affecting children of all ages. An understanding of the methods of urine collection is important to prevent the contamination of urine specimens and to interpret results. The diagnosis of a UTI requires appropriate interpretation of both urinalysis and urine culture results because testing must indicate evidence of inflammation and the presence of bacteria. Rapid treatment of UTIs is imperative to prevent acute decompensation and systemic illness. Empiric antibiotics should be narrowed as soon as possible to tailor antibiotic treatment and limit antibiotic overuse. Imaging with a renal ultrasound scan is recommended for all infants with first febrile UTIs rather than a voiding cystourethrogram. An additional goal of UTI treatment is to prevent renal scarring, which can lead to lifelong health consequences. Children with anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract and those who have recurrent UTIs are at increased risk of renal scarring. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(6):e217-e222.].
摘要：
尿路感染（UTI）是严重的细菌感染，影响所有年龄段的儿童。了解尿液收集方法对于防止尿液标本污染和解释结果很重要。UTI的诊断需要对尿液分析和尿液培养结果进行适当的解释，因为测试必须表明炎症和细菌的存在。尿路感染的快速治疗对于预防急性代偿失调和全身性疾病至关重要。经验性抗生素应尽快缩小范围，以调整抗生素治疗并限制抗生素的过度使用。对于所有首次发热UTI的婴儿，建议进行肾脏超声扫描成像，而不是排尿膀胱尿道图。UTI治疗的另一个目标是防止肾脏疤痕，这可能导致终身健康后果。尿路解剖异常的儿童和复发性尿路感染的儿童肾脏瘢痕形成的风险增加。[佩迪亚特·安。2024；53（6）：e217-e222。].
