Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Cancer pain is multidimensional and management should be individualized to patient goals. The current standard for pain goal assessment is the personal pain goal (PPG), a numeric rating for tolerable pain intensity. However, the PPG may not accurately capture a personally meaningful goal for tailoring pain management.
OBJECTIVE: Identify how pain goals are used in cancer pain management and types of goals researched.
METHODS: CINAHL, PsychInfo, and PubMed databases and manual searching were used to locate research or scholarship about cancer pain goals. Authors reviewed titles, abstracts and full text to agree on the final sample.
RESULTS: Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria. Study designs included: quality improvement project (1), concept analysis (1), qualitative methods (5), quantitative methods (8), and mixed methods (1). Findings included: goal setting as a key attribute of pain management; achieving personal goals as the outcome of pain management work; qualitative themes discussed personal goals related to pain management; developing a patient pain management resource including a SMART goal; using motivational interviewing to set functional pain goals; PPG assessment was feasible; and achieving PPG equated to having controlled pain when compared to the clinically important difference measure used in research (≥30%). Quantitative studies reported on PPGs only.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, assessments for cancer pain goals do not include function, activities, moods, medication effects, or safety that patients wish to achieve as a pain management outcome. Development and testing of multidimensional patient pain goals assessments is warranted so that goals can be consistently assessed, documented, and personally meaningful.
OBJECTIVE: Identify how pain goals are used in cancer pain management and types of goals researched.
METHODS: CINAHL, PsychInfo, and PubMed databases and manual searching were used to locate research or scholarship about cancer pain goals. Authors reviewed titles, abstracts and full text to agree on the final sample.
RESULTS: Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria. Study designs included: quality improvement project (1), concept analysis (1), qualitative methods (5), quantitative methods (8), and mixed methods (1). Findings included: goal setting as a key attribute of pain management; achieving personal goals as the outcome of pain management work; qualitative themes discussed personal goals related to pain management; developing a patient pain management resource including a SMART goal; using motivational interviewing to set functional pain goals; PPG assessment was feasible; and achieving PPG equated to having controlled pain when compared to the clinically important difference measure used in research (≥30%). Quantitative studies reported on PPGs only.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, assessments for cancer pain goals do not include function, activities, moods, medication effects, or safety that patients wish to achieve as a pain management outcome. Development and testing of multidimensional patient pain goals assessments is warranted so that goals can be consistently assessed, documented, and personally meaningful.
摘要：
背景：癌症疼痛是多层面的，应根据患者目标进行个体化治疗。疼痛目标评估的现行标准是个人疼痛目标(PPG)，可忍受疼痛强度的数字评级。然而,PPG可能无法准确地捕获个性化疼痛管理有意义的目标.
目的：确定疼痛目标如何用于癌症疼痛管理和研究目标类型。
方法：CINAHL，PsychInfo,和PubMed数据库和手动搜索用于查找有关癌症疼痛目标的研究或奖学金。作者审查了标题，摘要和全文就最终样本达成一致。
结果：16篇文章符合纳入标准。研究设计包括：质量改进项目（1），概念分析(1)，定性方法(5)，定量方法(8)，和混合方法（1）。研究结果包括：目标设定是疼痛管理的关键属性；实现个人目标作为疼痛管理工作的结果；定性主题讨论了与疼痛管理有关的个人目标；开发包括SMART目标的患者疼痛管理资源；使用动机性访谈来设置功能性疼痛目标；PPG评估是可行的；与研究中使用的临床重要差异指标（≥30％）相比，实现PPG等同于控制疼痛。定量研究仅报道了PPG。
结论：目前，对癌症疼痛目标的评估不包括功能，活动,情绪,药物效果,或患者希望作为疼痛管理结果实现的安全性。必须开发和测试多维患者疼痛目标评估，以便可以一致地评估目标。记录在案,和个人意义。
目的：确定疼痛目标如何用于癌症疼痛管理和研究目标类型。
方法：CINAHL，PsychInfo,和PubMed数据库和手动搜索用于查找有关癌症疼痛目标的研究或奖学金。作者审查了标题，摘要和全文就最终样本达成一致。
结果：16篇文章符合纳入标准。研究设计包括：质量改进项目（1），概念分析(1)，定性方法(5)，定量方法(8)，和混合方法（1）。研究结果包括：目标设定是疼痛管理的关键属性；实现个人目标作为疼痛管理工作的结果；定性主题讨论了与疼痛管理有关的个人目标；开发包括SMART目标的患者疼痛管理资源；使用动机性访谈来设置功能性疼痛目标；PPG评估是可行的；与研究中使用的临床重要差异指标（≥30％）相比，实现PPG等同于控制疼痛。定量研究仅报道了PPG。
结论：目前，对癌症疼痛目标的评估不包括功能，活动,情绪,药物效果,或患者希望作为疼痛管理结果实现的安全性。必须开发和测试多维患者疼痛目标评估，以便可以一致地评估目标。记录在案,和个人意义。
