Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to differentiate into multiple lineages including bone, cartilage, muscle and fat. They hold immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic ability to treat multiple diseases, including autoimmune and chronic degenerative diseases. In this article, we reviewed the different biological properties, applications and clinical trials of MSCs. Also, we discussed the basics of manufacturing conditions, quality control, and challenges facing MSCs in the clinical setting.
METHODS: Extensive review of the literature was conducted through the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Papers published since 2015 and covering the clinical applications and research of MSC therapy were considered. Furthermore, older papers were considered when referring to pioneering studies in the field.
RESULTS: The most widely studied stem cells in cell therapy and tissue repair are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells became more common and to a lesser extent other stem cell sources e.g., foreskin derived MSCs. MSCs therapy were also studied in the setting of COVID-19 infections, ischemic strokes, autoimmune diseases, tumor development and graft rejection. Multiple obstacles, still face the standardization and optimization of MSC therapy such as the survival and the immunophenotype and the efficiency of transplanted cells. MSCs used in clinical settings displayed heterogeneity in their function despite their extraction from healthy donors and expression of similar surface markers.
CONCLUSIONS: Mesenchymal stem cells offer a rising therapeutic promise in various diseases. However, their potential use in clinical applications requires further investigation.
METHODS: Extensive review of the literature was conducted through the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Papers published since 2015 and covering the clinical applications and research of MSC therapy were considered. Furthermore, older papers were considered when referring to pioneering studies in the field.
RESULTS: The most widely studied stem cells in cell therapy and tissue repair are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells became more common and to a lesser extent other stem cell sources e.g., foreskin derived MSCs. MSCs therapy were also studied in the setting of COVID-19 infections, ischemic strokes, autoimmune diseases, tumor development and graft rejection. Multiple obstacles, still face the standardization and optimization of MSC therapy such as the survival and the immunophenotype and the efficiency of transplanted cells. MSCs used in clinical settings displayed heterogeneity in their function despite their extraction from healthy donors and expression of similar surface markers.
CONCLUSIONS: Mesenchymal stem cells offer a rising therapeutic promise in various diseases. However, their potential use in clinical applications requires further investigation.
摘要：
背景：间充质干细胞（MSCs）是能够分化成包括骨在内的多种谱系的多能干细胞。软骨，肌肉和脂肪。它们具有免疫调节特性和治疗多种疾病的治疗能力，包括自身免疫性疾病和慢性退行性疾病。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了不同的生物学特性，MSCs的应用和临床试验。此外，我们讨论了制造条件的基础知识，质量控制,以及MSCs在临床环境中面临的挑战。
方法：通过数据库PubMed，谷歌学者，还有Cochrane.考虑了自2015年以来发表的论文，涵盖了MSC治疗的临床应用和研究。此外，在提到该领域的开创性研究时，考虑了较早的论文结果：细胞治疗和组织修复中研究最广泛的干细胞是骨髓间充质干细胞。脂肪组织来源的干细胞变得更加常见，而其他干细胞来源的程度较低，例如，包皮来源的MSCs。MSCs治疗也在COVID-19感染的背景下进行了研究，缺血性中风,自身免疫性疾病，肿瘤的发展和移植排斥。多重障碍,仍然面临MSC治疗的标准化和优化，例如存活和免疫表型以及移植细胞的效率。在临床环境中使用的MSC显示其功能的异质性,尽管它们从健康供体中提取并且表达类似的表面标记。
结论：间充质干细胞在各种疾病中提供了越来越高的治疗前景。然而,它们在临床应用中的潜在用途需要进一步研究。
方法：通过数据库PubMed，谷歌学者，还有Cochrane.考虑了自2015年以来发表的论文，涵盖了MSC治疗的临床应用和研究。此外，在提到该领域的开创性研究时，考虑了较早的论文结果：细胞治疗和组织修复中研究最广泛的干细胞是骨髓间充质干细胞。脂肪组织来源的干细胞变得更加常见，而其他干细胞来源的程度较低，例如，包皮来源的MSCs。MSCs治疗也在COVID-19感染的背景下进行了研究，缺血性中风,自身免疫性疾病，肿瘤的发展和移植排斥。多重障碍,仍然面临MSC治疗的标准化和优化，例如存活和免疫表型以及移植细胞的效率。在临床环境中使用的MSC显示其功能的异质性,尽管它们从健康供体中提取并且表达类似的表面标记。
结论：间充质干细胞在各种疾病中提供了越来越高的治疗前景。然而,它们在临床应用中的潜在用途需要进一步研究。
