Abstract：
The elemental accumulation has emerged as a major environmental concern due to various anthropogenic sources such as vehicles, road dust, and industrial activities, contributing to the agglutination of elements to airborne Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). SPM-bound elements accumulate on plant surfaces impact air quality and human health due to their noxiousness. Therefore, plants\' ability to capture and mitigate air pollutants plays a crucial role in urban areas. This study aimed to investigate the levels and distribution of twenty-six elements, comprised of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu Zn, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ag, Mo, V, Ga, and Bi), light metals (B, As, Te, and Se), and metalloids (Al, Li, Sr, K, Mg, Na, Ca, and Ba) accumulated on the surface and inside the leaves of dominant plant species during the pre-and post-monsoon at six categorized (commercial, traffic-prone, residential, educational, greenbelt and industrial areas) locations in Delhi, India. In addition, the Metal Accumulation Index (MAI) was determined, and the statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). In the pre-and post-monsoon, two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in metal concentrations. During the pre-monsoon plants exhibited the highest metal accumulation (∼21%) at the Anand Vihar (commercial) in Delhi, with the maximum average concentrations of Cr (118.25 mg/kg), Cu (204.38 mg/kg), Zn (293.27 mg/kg), and Fe (2721.17 mg/kg). Ficus benghalensis L exhibited the maximum 213.73 MAI at the Anand Vihar in the pre-monsoon. Ni and Cr indicated the highest correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.82) in the PCA test. HCA test revealed similarity (∼87.7%) at ITO (traffic-prone) and Okhla Phase-2 (industrial) in F. religiosa regarding metal concentration patterns. Findings highlighted seasonal elemental pollutants uptake dynamics of plant species and explored species-specific metal accumulation, revealing potential implications of metal-tolerant plants for urban greenbelt.
摘要：
由于各种人为来源，如车辆，道路灰尘,和工业活动，有助于元素对空气悬浮颗粒物（SPM）的凝集。SPM结合元素在植物表面积聚，由于其有害性而影响空气质量和人类健康。因此,植物捕获和减少空气污染物的能力在城市地区起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在调查二十六种元素的水平和分布，由重金属(Cd，Pb,Cr,CuZn,Co,Ni,Fe,Mn,Ag,Mo,V,Ga,andBi),轻金属(B，As,Te,和Se），和准金属(铝，Li,Sr,K,Mg,Na,Ca,和Ba）在季风前后的六个分类（商业，交通易发,住宅,教育,绿地和工业区)在德里的地点，印度。此外,确定了金属累积指数(MAI)，统计分析采用双向方差分析，主成分分析(PCA)，和层次聚类分析(HCA)。在季风前后，双向方差分析显示金属浓度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在季风前的植物中，德里的AnandVihar（商业）表现出最高的金属积累（〜21％），Cr的最大平均浓度（118.25mg/kg），铜（204.38毫克/千克），锌（293.27mg/kg），和Fe(2721.17mg/kg)。在季风前的AnandVihar，FicusBenghalensisL表现出最大的213.73MAI。在PCA检验中，Ni和Cr的相关性最高（P<0.05，r=0.82）。HCA测试显示，关于金属浓度模式，ITO(交通易发)和OkhlaPhase-2(工业)在F.religiosa的相似性(~87.7%)。研究结果强调了植物物种的季节性元素污染物吸收动态，并探索了特定物种的金属积累，揭示了耐金属植物对城市绿地的潜在影响。
