Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The construction industry in India heavily relies on unorganized workers, who often lack adequate access to safety measures, placing them at significant risk of accidents and injuries. The objective was to determine risk perceptions of construction workers, and explore their safety practices, facilitators, and barriers.
METHODS: A mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design (QUAN + qual) was undertaken. Quantitative strand included face-to-face interviews with 203 randomly selected building construction workers from 10 construction sites in five selected municipal wards in Kolkata. Questions pertained to socio-demographics, occupational characteristics, risk perception, and safety practices. The qualitative arm involved key informant interviews to unravel the facilitators and barriers affecting safety practices and nonparticipant observation.
RESULTS: The perceived risk for respiratory problems due to dust, pain from carrying loads, slips, trips or falls, and heat-related illnesses was in the medium- to high category for 64.0%, 58.6%, 39.9%, and 36.5% of the study participants, respectively. However, the safety practices for these respective domains were in the good practice category for 6.9%, 4.9%, 54.2%, and 34.5% of the workers. From the qualitative arm, it was evident that availability of PPE, a conducive environment, and availability of worker-friendly technology could be important predictors of safety practices. Barriers such as time constraints and feasibility due to discomfort and expenditure were also identified.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite high-risk perception, safety practices were not consistently good among construction workers. Further research is crucial to enhance the health and safety of unorganized workers in India.
METHODS: A mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design (QUAN + qual) was undertaken. Quantitative strand included face-to-face interviews with 203 randomly selected building construction workers from 10 construction sites in five selected municipal wards in Kolkata. Questions pertained to socio-demographics, occupational characteristics, risk perception, and safety practices. The qualitative arm involved key informant interviews to unravel the facilitators and barriers affecting safety practices and nonparticipant observation.
RESULTS: The perceived risk for respiratory problems due to dust, pain from carrying loads, slips, trips or falls, and heat-related illnesses was in the medium- to high category for 64.0%, 58.6%, 39.9%, and 36.5% of the study participants, respectively. However, the safety practices for these respective domains were in the good practice category for 6.9%, 4.9%, 54.2%, and 34.5% of the workers. From the qualitative arm, it was evident that availability of PPE, a conducive environment, and availability of worker-friendly technology could be important predictors of safety practices. Barriers such as time constraints and feasibility due to discomfort and expenditure were also identified.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite high-risk perception, safety practices were not consistently good among construction workers. Further research is crucial to enhance the health and safety of unorganized workers in India.
摘要：
背景：印度的建筑业严重依赖无组织的工人，他们往往缺乏足够的安全措施，使他们面临重大的事故和伤害风险。目的是确定建筑工人的风险认知，探索他们的安全实践，主持人，和障碍。
方法：采用了具有收敛并行设计（QUANQual）的混合方法方法。定量链包括对加尔各答五个选定市政病房的10个建筑工地的203名随机选择的建筑建筑工人进行面对面采访。与社会人口统计学有关的问题，职业特征，风险感知，和安全实践。定性部门涉及关键的线人访谈，以解开影响安全实践和非参与者观察的促进者和障碍。
结果：由于灰尘引起的呼吸问题的感知风险，承受负荷的痛苦，slips,绊倒或跌倒，与热有关的疾病在中高类别中占64.0%，58.6%,39.9%,36.5%的研究参与者，分别。然而,这些领域的安全措施属于良好做法类别，占6.9%，4.9%,54.2%,和34.5%的工人。从定性的手臂来看，很明显，PPE的可用性，有利的环境，和工人友好型技术的可用性可能是安全实践的重要预测因素。还确定了由于不适和支出而导致的时间限制和可行性等障碍。
结论：尽管存在高风险，建筑工人的安全措施并不一贯良好。进一步的研究对于提高印度无组织工人的健康和安全至关重要。
方法：采用了具有收敛并行设计（QUANQual）的混合方法方法。定量链包括对加尔各答五个选定市政病房的10个建筑工地的203名随机选择的建筑建筑工人进行面对面采访。与社会人口统计学有关的问题，职业特征，风险感知，和安全实践。定性部门涉及关键的线人访谈，以解开影响安全实践和非参与者观察的促进者和障碍。
结果：由于灰尘引起的呼吸问题的感知风险，承受负荷的痛苦，slips,绊倒或跌倒，与热有关的疾病在中高类别中占64.0%，58.6%,39.9%,36.5%的研究参与者，分别。然而,这些领域的安全措施属于良好做法类别，占6.9%，4.9%,54.2%,和34.5%的工人。从定性的手臂来看，很明显，PPE的可用性，有利的环境，和工人友好型技术的可用性可能是安全实践的重要预测因素。还确定了由于不适和支出而导致的时间限制和可行性等障碍。
结论：尽管存在高风险，建筑工人的安全措施并不一贯良好。进一步的研究对于提高印度无组织工人的健康和安全至关重要。
