Abstract：
In the last decade, cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of some diseases, earning the definition of being the \"third pillar\" of therapeutics. In particular, the infusion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is explored for the prevention and control of autoimmune reactions and acute/chronic allograft rejection. Such an approach represents a promising new treatment for autoimmune diseases to recover an immunotolerance against autoantigens, and to prevent an immune response to alloantigens. The efficacy of the in vitro expanded polyclonal and antigen-specific Treg infusion in the treatment of a large number of autoimmune diseases has been extensively demonstrated in mouse models. Similarly, experimental work documented the efficacy of Treg infusions to prevent acute and chronic allograft rejections. The Treg therapy has shown encouraging results in the control of type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as Crohn\'s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hepatitis and delaying graft rejection in clinical trials. However, the best method for Treg expansion and the advantages and pitfalls with the different types of Tregs are not fully understood in terms of how these therapeutic treatments can be applied in the clinical setting. This review provides an up-to-date overview of Treg infusion-based treatments in autoimmune diseases and allograft transplantation, the current technical challenges, and the highlights and disadvantages of this therapeutic approaches.\"
摘要：
在过去的十年里，细胞疗法彻底改变了一些疾病的治疗，获得了成为治疗学“第三支柱”的定义。特别是,研究了输注调节性T细胞（Tregs）用于预防和控制自身免疫反应和急性/慢性同种异体移植排斥反应。这种方法代表了一种有希望的治疗自身免疫性疾病的新疗法，以恢复对自身抗原的免疫耐受。并防止对同种抗原的免疫反应。体外扩增的多克隆和抗原特异性Treg输注在治疗大量自身免疫性疾病中的功效已在小鼠模型中得到广泛证明。同样，实验工作记录了Treg输注预防急性和慢性同种异体移植物排斥的功效。Treg疗法在控制1型糖尿病（T1D）和克罗恩病方面显示出令人鼓舞的结果，系统性红斑狼疮,自身免疫性肝炎和延迟移植排斥的临床试验。然而,在如何将这些治疗性治疗应用于临床方面，尚未完全了解Treg扩展的最佳方法以及不同类型Treg的优缺点。这篇综述提供了基于Treg输注的治疗在自身免疫性疾病和同种异体移植中的最新概述。当前的技术挑战，以及这种治疗方法的优点和缺点。\"
