Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between psychosocial stress (PS) trajectories and pubertal outcomes of girls and boys in a Chinese cohort (2015-2022).
METHODS: Pubertal outcomes of 732 girls and 688 boys were physically examined every 6 months. Stressful life events were repeatedly assessed 7 times. Group-Based Trajectory Model was fitted for the optimum trajectories of total PS and PS from 5 sources. Cox model adjusted for age, BMI and socioeconomic factors was used to evaluate the association.
RESULTS: Compared to the \"low, gradual decline\" trajectory, the \"moderate, gradual decline\" trajectory of total PS was associated with late menarche (HR: 0.816, 95% CI: 0.677-0.983), late pubic hair development (HR: 0.729, 95% CI: 0.609-0.872) and late axillary hair development (HR: 0.803, 95% CI: 0.661 - 0.975) in girls. Girls following the \"high, rise then decline\" trajectory of PS from family life demonstrated delayed axillary hair development (HR: 0.752, 95% CI: (0.571-0.990). As for boys, the \"high, rise then decline\" trajectory of PS from academic adaptation (HR: 0.670, 95% CI: 0.476 - 0.945) and life adaptation (HR: 0.642, 95% CI: 0.445 - 0.925) was associated with late axillary hair development. Boys in the \"moderate, gradual decline\" trajectory of PS from peer relationship was at risk of early testicular development (HR: 1.353, 95% CI: 1.108 - 1.653).
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic PS may be associated with delayed onset of several pubertal signs in both girls and boys. It may also accelerate testicular development of boys, indicating its varying impact on pubertal timing during early and later stages.
METHODS: Pubertal outcomes of 732 girls and 688 boys were physically examined every 6 months. Stressful life events were repeatedly assessed 7 times. Group-Based Trajectory Model was fitted for the optimum trajectories of total PS and PS from 5 sources. Cox model adjusted for age, BMI and socioeconomic factors was used to evaluate the association.
RESULTS: Compared to the \"low, gradual decline\" trajectory, the \"moderate, gradual decline\" trajectory of total PS was associated with late menarche (HR: 0.816, 95% CI: 0.677-0.983), late pubic hair development (HR: 0.729, 95% CI: 0.609-0.872) and late axillary hair development (HR: 0.803, 95% CI: 0.661 - 0.975) in girls. Girls following the \"high, rise then decline\" trajectory of PS from family life demonstrated delayed axillary hair development (HR: 0.752, 95% CI: (0.571-0.990). As for boys, the \"high, rise then decline\" trajectory of PS from academic adaptation (HR: 0.670, 95% CI: 0.476 - 0.945) and life adaptation (HR: 0.642, 95% CI: 0.445 - 0.925) was associated with late axillary hair development. Boys in the \"moderate, gradual decline\" trajectory of PS from peer relationship was at risk of early testicular development (HR: 1.353, 95% CI: 1.108 - 1.653).
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic PS may be associated with delayed onset of several pubertal signs in both girls and boys. It may also accelerate testicular development of boys, indicating its varying impact on pubertal timing during early and later stages.
摘要：
目的：评估中国队列（2015-2022）中男孩和女孩的社会心理压力（PS）轨迹与青春期结局之间的关系。
方法：每6个月对732名女孩和688名男孩的青春期结局进行体检。对应激性生活事件进行7次反复评估。基于组的轨迹模型拟合了来自5个来源的总PS和PS的最佳轨迹。考克斯模型根据年龄调整，BMI和社会经济因素用于评估相关性。
结果：与“低”相比，逐渐下降的轨迹，“温和，总PS的逐渐下降轨迹与初潮晚有关(HR:0.816,95%CI:0.677-0.983),女童阴毛发育晚期(HR:0.729,95%CI:0.609-0.872)和腋毛发育晚期(HR:0.803,95%CI:0.661-0.975)。女孩跟着“高”，家庭生活中PS的上升然后下降的轨迹表明腋毛发育延迟（HR：0.752，95％CI：（0.571-0.990）。至于男生,“高”，从学术适应(HR:0.670,95%CI:0.476-0.945)和生活适应(HR:0.642,95%CI:0.445-0.925)的PS上升然后下降的轨迹与晚期腋毛发育相关。“温和的男孩，同伴关系中PS的逐渐下降轨迹有早期睾丸发育的风险(HR：1.353，95%CI：1.108-1.653)。
结论：在女孩和男孩中，慢性PS可能与几种青春期体征的延迟发作有关。它也可能加速男孩的睾丸发育，表明其在早期和后期对青春期时间的不同影响。
方法：每6个月对732名女孩和688名男孩的青春期结局进行体检。对应激性生活事件进行7次反复评估。基于组的轨迹模型拟合了来自5个来源的总PS和PS的最佳轨迹。考克斯模型根据年龄调整，BMI和社会经济因素用于评估相关性。
结果：与“低”相比，逐渐下降的轨迹，“温和，总PS的逐渐下降轨迹与初潮晚有关(HR:0.816,95%CI:0.677-0.983),女童阴毛发育晚期(HR:0.729,95%CI:0.609-0.872)和腋毛发育晚期(HR:0.803,95%CI:0.661-0.975)。女孩跟着“高”，家庭生活中PS的上升然后下降的轨迹表明腋毛发育延迟（HR：0.752，95％CI：（0.571-0.990）。至于男生,“高”，从学术适应(HR:0.670,95%CI:0.476-0.945)和生活适应(HR:0.642,95%CI:0.445-0.925)的PS上升然后下降的轨迹与晚期腋毛发育相关。“温和的男孩，同伴关系中PS的逐渐下降轨迹有早期睾丸发育的风险(HR：1.353，95%CI：1.108-1.653)。
结论：在女孩和男孩中，慢性PS可能与几种青春期体征的延迟发作有关。它也可能加速男孩的睾丸发育，表明其在早期和后期对青春期时间的不同影响。
