Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis, or bedwetting, is a prevalent and emotionally challenging condition that has a significant impact on the behavior, psychological well-being, and social lives of school-aged children.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bladder retraining programme on bedwetting frequency and relapse rate among children with nocturnal enuresis.
METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases. The Phase I included a survey questionnaire to identify the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among school children studying in Grade I to Grade X of 3 selected schools in Nashik, India. Out of 2150 prevalence questionnaires, 1900 filled in questionnaires were received back. 226 children were found to be positive for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. A total of 160 children were selected from which 80 samples were included in experimental group and 80 were in control group. A three-step bladder retraining program was provided for parents and children in the experimental group. The parents and children from experimental group were called on the 15th day to reinforce the interventions. Posttests were conducted at 1st month (Posttest I), 3rd month (Posttest II), and 6th month (Posttest III/Relapse) for both experimental and control group.
RESULTS: The total prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among 1900 school age children aged 6 years-15 years is found to be 11.89%. Out of the 226 enuretic children, majority 101 (44.69%) wet their beds 1-3 times per week while 48 (21.23%) children wet their beds Every night. Comparison of bedwetting frequency in both groups during Pretest, Posttest I, Posttest II and Posttest III using chi-square test showed that: In pretest there was no significant difference between children in experimental and control group as indicated by the non-significant P value 0.43. Whereas in posttest I, II & III, P value 0.001 indicates highly significant difference in bedwetting frequency of children in both the groups. Children in experimental group had a relapse rate of 3.75% and 100% relapse was observed in control group during posttest III (at 6th month).
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in bedwetting frequency within the experimental group (p = 0.001), contrasting with the control group\'s non-significant change (p = 0.17). Additionally, the relapse rate was markedly lower in the experimental group (3.75%) compared to the control group (100%). This aligns with Garcia-Fernandez and Petros\' (2020) findings, where a squatting-based pelvic floor rehabilitation method demonstrated a significant reduction in bedwetting frequency, curing 86% of children. Van Kampen et al.\'s (2009) study also supported the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training in reducing relapse rates, providing further validation for the current study\'s findings.
CONCLUSIONS: The 3 step bladder retraining programme was found to be very effective in reducing the bedwetting frequency and relapse rate among children. This study provides evidence supporting effectiveness of such tailored bladder retraining interventions in managing monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in school-aged children.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bladder retraining programme on bedwetting frequency and relapse rate among children with nocturnal enuresis.
METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases. The Phase I included a survey questionnaire to identify the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among school children studying in Grade I to Grade X of 3 selected schools in Nashik, India. Out of 2150 prevalence questionnaires, 1900 filled in questionnaires were received back. 226 children were found to be positive for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. A total of 160 children were selected from which 80 samples were included in experimental group and 80 were in control group. A three-step bladder retraining program was provided for parents and children in the experimental group. The parents and children from experimental group were called on the 15th day to reinforce the interventions. Posttests were conducted at 1st month (Posttest I), 3rd month (Posttest II), and 6th month (Posttest III/Relapse) for both experimental and control group.
RESULTS: The total prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among 1900 school age children aged 6 years-15 years is found to be 11.89%. Out of the 226 enuretic children, majority 101 (44.69%) wet their beds 1-3 times per week while 48 (21.23%) children wet their beds Every night. Comparison of bedwetting frequency in both groups during Pretest, Posttest I, Posttest II and Posttest III using chi-square test showed that: In pretest there was no significant difference between children in experimental and control group as indicated by the non-significant P value 0.43. Whereas in posttest I, II & III, P value 0.001 indicates highly significant difference in bedwetting frequency of children in both the groups. Children in experimental group had a relapse rate of 3.75% and 100% relapse was observed in control group during posttest III (at 6th month).
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in bedwetting frequency within the experimental group (p = 0.001), contrasting with the control group\'s non-significant change (p = 0.17). Additionally, the relapse rate was markedly lower in the experimental group (3.75%) compared to the control group (100%). This aligns with Garcia-Fernandez and Petros\' (2020) findings, where a squatting-based pelvic floor rehabilitation method demonstrated a significant reduction in bedwetting frequency, curing 86% of children. Van Kampen et al.\'s (2009) study also supported the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training in reducing relapse rates, providing further validation for the current study\'s findings.
CONCLUSIONS: The 3 step bladder retraining programme was found to be very effective in reducing the bedwetting frequency and relapse rate among children. This study provides evidence supporting effectiveness of such tailored bladder retraining interventions in managing monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in school-aged children.
摘要：
背景：夜间遗尿症，或者尿床,是一种普遍且具有情感挑战性的疾病，对行为产生重大影响，心理健康，和学龄儿童的社交生活。
目的：本研究旨在评估膀胱再训练计划对夜间遗尿症患儿尿床次数和复发率的影响。
方法：本研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段包括一份调查问卷，以确定在纳西克3所选定学校的I至X年级学习的学童中夜间遗尿症的患病率，印度。在2150份患病率问卷中，收到了1900年填写的问卷。226名儿童被单症状性夜间遗尿症为阳性。选取160例患儿，其中80例纳入实验组，80例纳入对照组。实验组为父母和儿童提供了三步膀胱再培训计划。在第15天，实验组的父母和孩子被要求加强干预措施。在第1个月进行后测（后测I），第3个月（测试后II），实验组和对照组均为第6个月（测试后III/复发）。
结果：在1900名6岁-15岁的学龄儿童中，夜间遗尿症的总患病率为11.89％。在226名儿童中，大多数101（44.69％）每周尿床1-3次，而48（21.23％）儿童每晚尿床。比较两组在Pretest期间的尿床频率，测试后I，后测II和后测III使用卡方检验表明：在预测中，实验组和对照组的儿童之间没有显着差异，如非显着P值0.43所示。而在后测I中，II&III,P值0.001表明两组儿童的尿床频率存在高度显着差异。在试验后III（第6个月），实验组儿童的复发率为3.75％，对照组的复发率为100％。
结论：研究结果表明，实验组内的尿床频率有统计学意义的显著降低（p=0.001），与对照组无显著变化(p=0.17)。此外,实验组的复发率（3.75％）明显低于对照组（100％）。这与加西亚-费尔南德斯和彼得罗斯(2020)的发现一致，其中基于蹲下的盆底康复方法显着减少了尿床频率，治愈86％的儿童。VanKampen等人。(2009)的研究也支持盆底肌肉训练在降低复发率方面的功效，为当前研究结果提供进一步验证。
结论：发现三步膀胱再训练计划在减少儿童尿床频率和复发率方面非常有效。这项研究提供了证据，支持这种量身定制的膀胱再训练干预措施在处理学龄儿童单症状性夜间遗尿症中的有效性。
目的：本研究旨在评估膀胱再训练计划对夜间遗尿症患儿尿床次数和复发率的影响。
方法：本研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段包括一份调查问卷，以确定在纳西克3所选定学校的I至X年级学习的学童中夜间遗尿症的患病率，印度。在2150份患病率问卷中，收到了1900年填写的问卷。226名儿童被单症状性夜间遗尿症为阳性。选取160例患儿，其中80例纳入实验组，80例纳入对照组。实验组为父母和儿童提供了三步膀胱再培训计划。在第15天，实验组的父母和孩子被要求加强干预措施。在第1个月进行后测（后测I），第3个月（测试后II），实验组和对照组均为第6个月（测试后III/复发）。
结果：在1900名6岁-15岁的学龄儿童中，夜间遗尿症的总患病率为11.89％。在226名儿童中，大多数101（44.69％）每周尿床1-3次，而48（21.23％）儿童每晚尿床。比较两组在Pretest期间的尿床频率，测试后I，后测II和后测III使用卡方检验表明：在预测中，实验组和对照组的儿童之间没有显着差异，如非显着P值0.43所示。而在后测I中，II&III,P值0.001表明两组儿童的尿床频率存在高度显着差异。在试验后III（第6个月），实验组儿童的复发率为3.75％，对照组的复发率为100％。
结论：研究结果表明，实验组内的尿床频率有统计学意义的显著降低（p=0.001），与对照组无显著变化(p=0.17)。此外,实验组的复发率（3.75％）明显低于对照组（100％）。这与加西亚-费尔南德斯和彼得罗斯(2020)的发现一致，其中基于蹲下的盆底康复方法显着减少了尿床频率，治愈86％的儿童。VanKampen等人。(2009)的研究也支持盆底肌肉训练在降低复发率方面的功效，为当前研究结果提供进一步验证。
结论：发现三步膀胱再训练计划在减少儿童尿床频率和复发率方面非常有效。这项研究提供了证据，支持这种量身定制的膀胱再训练干预措施在处理学龄儿童单症状性夜间遗尿症中的有效性。
