Abstract：
All cells must maintain the structural and functional integrity of the genome under a wide range of environments. High temperatures pose a formidable challenge to cells by denaturing the DNA double helix, causing chemical damage to DNA, and increasing the random thermal motion of chromosomes. Thermophiles, predominantly classified as bacteria or archaea, exhibit an exceptional capacity to mitigate these detrimental effects and prosper under extreme thermal conditions, with some species tolerating temperatures higher than 100°C. Their genomes are mainly characterized by the presence of reverse gyrase, a unique topoisomerase that introduces positive supercoils into DNA. This enzyme has been suggested to maintain the genome integrity of thermophiles by limiting DNA melting and mediating DNA repair. Previous studies provided significant insights into the mechanisms by which NAPs, histones, SMC superfamily proteins, and polyamines affect the 3D genomes of thermophiles across different scales. Here, I discuss current knowledge of the genome organization in thermophiles and pertinent research questions for future investigations.
摘要：
所有细胞必须在广泛的环境下保持基因组的结构和功能完整性。高温通过使DNA双螺旋变性对细胞构成了巨大的挑战，对DNA造成化学损伤,增加染色体的随机热运动。嗜热菌,主要分类为细菌或古细菌，在极端热条件下表现出减轻这些有害影响和繁荣的特殊能力，与一些物种耐受温度高于100°C。它们的基因组主要特征是存在反向促旋酶，一种独特的拓扑异构酶，可将正超螺旋引入DNA。已经提出该酶通过限制DNA解链和介导DNA修复来维持嗜热菌的基因组完整性。以前的研究提供了对国家行动方案机制的重要见解，组蛋白,SMC超家族蛋白,和多胺在不同尺度上影响嗜热生物的3D基因组。这里,我将讨论嗜热菌基因组组织的最新知识以及未来研究的相关研究问题。
