Abstract：
Biochar application emerges as a promising and sustainable solution for the remediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic metal (loid)s (PTMs), yet its potential to reduce PTM accumulation in crops remains to be fully elucidated. In our study, a hierarchical meta-analysis based on 276 research articles was conducted to quantify the effects of biochar application on crop growth and PTM accumulation. Meanwhile, a machine learning approach was developed to identify the major contributing features. Our findings revealed that biochar application significantly enhanced crop growth, and reduced PTM concentrations in crop tissues, showing a decrease trend of grains (36.1%, 33.6-38.6%) > shoots (31.1%, 29.3-32.8%) > roots (27.5%, 25.7-29.2%). Furthermore, biochar modifications were found to amplify its remediation potential in PTM-contaminated soils. Biochar application was observed to provide favorable conditions for reducing PTM uptake by crops, primarily through decreasing available PTM concentrations and improving overall soil quality. Employing machine learning techniques, we identified biochar properties, such as surface area and C content as a key factor in decreasing PTM bioavailability in soil-crop systems. Furthermore, our study indicated that biochar application could reduce probabilistic health risks associated with of the presence of PTMs in crop grains, thereby contributing to human health protection. These findings highlighted the essential role of biochar in remediating PTM-contaminated lands and offered guidelines for enhancing safe crop production.
摘要：
生物炭的应用已成为修复被潜在有毒金属（类）（PTM）污染的土壤的一种有前途且可持续的解决方案，然而，其减少作物PTM积累的潜力仍有待充分阐明。在我们的研究中,基于276篇研究文章进行了层次荟萃分析，以量化生物炭应用对作物生长和PTM积累的影响。同时,开发了一种机器学习方法来识别主要的贡献特征。我们的发现表明，生物炭的应用显着促进了作物的生长，减少了作物组织中的PTM浓度，谷物呈下降趋势(36.1%，33.6至38.6%)>枝条(31.1%，29.3至32.8%)>根(27.5%，25.7至29.2%）。此外，发现生物炭修饰可增强其在PTM污染土壤中的修复潜力。观察到生物炭为减少作物对PTM的吸收提供了有利条件。主要通过降低可用PTM浓度和改善整体土壤质量。采用机器学习技术，我们确定了生物炭的特性，例如表面积和C含量是降低土壤-作物系统中PTM生物有效性的关键因素。此外，我们的研究表明，生物炭的应用可以降低与PTM在作物谷物中的存在相关的概率健康风险，从而有助于保护人类健康。这些发现强调了生物炭在修复受PTM污染的土地中的重要作用，并为提高作物安全生产提供了指导方针。
