Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with common exposure sources, leading to their widespread presence in human body. However, evidence on co-exposure to OPEs and PFAS and its impact on cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic biomarkers remains limited.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 467 adults were enrolled from January to May 2022 during physical visits in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province. Eleven types of OPEs and twelves types of PFAS were detected, among which eight OPEs and six PFAS contaminants were detected in more than 60% of plasma samples. Seventeen biomarkers were assessed to comprehensively evaluate the cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic function. Multiple linear regression, multipollutant models with sparse partial least squares, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to examine the associations of individual OPEs and PFAS and their mixtures with organ function and metabolism, respectively.
RESULTS: Of the over 400 exposure-outcome associations tested when modelling, we observed robust results across three models that perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) was significantly positively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL). Perfluorononanoic acid was significantly associated with decreased AST/ALT and increased very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Besides, perfluorodecanoic acid was correlated with increased high lipoprotein cholesterol and perfluoroundecanoic acid was consistently associated with lower glucose level. BKMR analysis showed that OPEs and PFAS mixtures were positively associated with IBIL and TBIL, among which PFHxS was the main toxic chemicals.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that exposure to OPEs and PFAS, especially PFHxS and PFNA, may disrupt organ function and metabolism in the general population, providing insight into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of OPEs and PFAS co-exposure and chronic diseases.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 467 adults were enrolled from January to May 2022 during physical visits in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province. Eleven types of OPEs and twelves types of PFAS were detected, among which eight OPEs and six PFAS contaminants were detected in more than 60% of plasma samples. Seventeen biomarkers were assessed to comprehensively evaluate the cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic function. Multiple linear regression, multipollutant models with sparse partial least squares, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to examine the associations of individual OPEs and PFAS and their mixtures with organ function and metabolism, respectively.
RESULTS: Of the over 400 exposure-outcome associations tested when modelling, we observed robust results across three models that perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) was significantly positively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL). Perfluorononanoic acid was significantly associated with decreased AST/ALT and increased very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Besides, perfluorodecanoic acid was correlated with increased high lipoprotein cholesterol and perfluoroundecanoic acid was consistently associated with lower glucose level. BKMR analysis showed that OPEs and PFAS mixtures were positively associated with IBIL and TBIL, among which PFHxS was the main toxic chemicals.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that exposure to OPEs and PFAS, especially PFHxS and PFNA, may disrupt organ function and metabolism in the general population, providing insight into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of OPEs and PFAS co-exposure and chronic diseases.
摘要：
背景：有机磷酸酯（OPEs）和全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是普遍存在的环境污染物，具有共同的暴露源，导致它们在人体中的广泛存在。然而,OPEs和PFAS共同暴露及其对心血管-肾脏-肝脏代谢生物标志物影响的证据仍然有限.
方法：在这项横断面研究中，2022年1月至5月，467名成年人在石家庄体检时登记，河北省。检测到11种类型的OPEs和12种类型的PFAS，其中在60%以上的血浆样本中检测到8种OPEs和6种PFAS污染物.评估了17种生物标志物以全面评估心血管-肾脏-肝脏代谢功能。多元线性回归，具有稀疏偏最小二乘的多污染物模型，和贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）模型用于检查个体OPEs和PFAS及其混合物与器官功能和代谢的关联，分别。
结果：在建模时测试的400多个暴露-结果关联中，我们在三个模型中观察到，全氟己酸（PFHxS）与丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）显著正相关，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST），总胆红素（TBIL），和间接胆红素（IBIL）。全氟壬酸与AST/ALT降低和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高显着相关。此外,全氟癸酸与高脂蛋白胆固醇升高相关,全氟十一烷酸与低葡萄糖水平相关.BKMR分析显示，OPEs和PFAS混合物与IBIL和TBIL呈正相关，其中PFHxS是主要的有毒化学物质。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，暴露于OPEs和PFAS，尤其是PFHxS和PFNA，可能会破坏普通人群的器官功能和新陈代谢，深入了解OPEs和PFAS共同暴露和慢性疾病的潜在病理生理机制。
方法：在这项横断面研究中，2022年1月至5月，467名成年人在石家庄体检时登记，河北省。检测到11种类型的OPEs和12种类型的PFAS，其中在60%以上的血浆样本中检测到8种OPEs和6种PFAS污染物.评估了17种生物标志物以全面评估心血管-肾脏-肝脏代谢功能。多元线性回归，具有稀疏偏最小二乘的多污染物模型，和贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）模型用于检查个体OPEs和PFAS及其混合物与器官功能和代谢的关联，分别。
结果：在建模时测试的400多个暴露-结果关联中，我们在三个模型中观察到，全氟己酸（PFHxS）与丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）显著正相关，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST），总胆红素（TBIL），和间接胆红素（IBIL）。全氟壬酸与AST/ALT降低和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高显着相关。此外,全氟癸酸与高脂蛋白胆固醇升高相关,全氟十一烷酸与低葡萄糖水平相关.BKMR分析显示，OPEs和PFAS混合物与IBIL和TBIL呈正相关，其中PFHxS是主要的有毒化学物质。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，暴露于OPEs和PFAS，尤其是PFHxS和PFNA，可能会破坏普通人群的器官功能和新陈代谢，深入了解OPEs和PFAS共同暴露和慢性疾病的潜在病理生理机制。
