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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Research on Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is still in its early stages, with few studies available to identify and predict effective indicators of this disease. On the other hand, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to reduce the burden of MAFLD. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of eleven anthropometric indices and their appropriate cut-off values as a non-invasive method to predict and diagnose MAFLD in the Iranian population.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed baseline data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, a prospective population-based study conducted in Iran that enrolled a total of 7836 subjects aged 35 to 70 years from May 2016 through August 2018.
RESULTS: The optimal cut-off values of anthropometric indices for predicting MAFLD risk were determined for waist circumference(WC) (102.25 cm for males and 101.45 cm for females), body mass index (BMI) (27.80 kg/m2 for males and 28.75 kg/m2 for females), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (0.96 for both males and females), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (0.56 for males and 0.63 for females), body adiposity index (BAI) (23.24 for males and 32.97 for females), visceral adiposity index (VAI) (1.64 for males and 1.88 for females), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) (10.63 for males and 11.71 for females), conicity index (CI) (1.29 for males and 1.36 for females), body roundness index (BRI) (4.52 for males and 6.45 for females), relative fat mass (RFM) (28.18 for males and 44.91 for females) and abdominal volume index (AVI) (18.85 for males and for 21.37 females). VAI in males (sensitivity: 77%, specificity: 60%, Youden\'s Index: 0.37) and RFM in females (sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 59%, Youden\'s Index: 0.35) were found to have higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other anthropometric indices. Furthermore, anthropometric indices demonstrated statistically significant correlations with various hepatic and cardiometabolic indices. Among these, the strongest positive correlations were observed between WC, BMI, BAI, BRI, and AVI with the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC, as well as between VAI and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), and the Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) Index.
CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric indices are effective in predicting MAFLD risk among Iranian adults, with WWI, VAI, and RFM identified as the strongest predictors. The proposed cutoff values could serve as a straightforward and non-invasive methods for the early diagnosis of MAFLD.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed baseline data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, a prospective population-based study conducted in Iran that enrolled a total of 7836 subjects aged 35 to 70 years from May 2016 through August 2018.
RESULTS: The optimal cut-off values of anthropometric indices for predicting MAFLD risk were determined for waist circumference(WC) (102.25 cm for males and 101.45 cm for females), body mass index (BMI) (27.80 kg/m2 for males and 28.75 kg/m2 for females), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (0.96 for both males and females), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (0.56 for males and 0.63 for females), body adiposity index (BAI) (23.24 for males and 32.97 for females), visceral adiposity index (VAI) (1.64 for males and 1.88 for females), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) (10.63 for males and 11.71 for females), conicity index (CI) (1.29 for males and 1.36 for females), body roundness index (BRI) (4.52 for males and 6.45 for females), relative fat mass (RFM) (28.18 for males and 44.91 for females) and abdominal volume index (AVI) (18.85 for males and for 21.37 females). VAI in males (sensitivity: 77%, specificity: 60%, Youden\'s Index: 0.37) and RFM in females (sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 59%, Youden\'s Index: 0.35) were found to have higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other anthropometric indices. Furthermore, anthropometric indices demonstrated statistically significant correlations with various hepatic and cardiometabolic indices. Among these, the strongest positive correlations were observed between WC, BMI, BAI, BRI, and AVI with the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC, as well as between VAI and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), and the Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) Index.
CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric indices are effective in predicting MAFLD risk among Iranian adults, with WWI, VAI, and RFM identified as the strongest predictors. The proposed cutoff values could serve as a straightforward and non-invasive methods for the early diagnosis of MAFLD.
摘要：
背景：代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）的研究仍处于早期阶段，很少有研究可以识别和预测这种疾病的有效指标。另一方面,早期诊断和干预对减轻MAFLD的负担至关重要。因此,这项研究的目的是调查11项人体测量指标及其适当的临界值作为预测和诊断伊朗人群MAFLD的非侵入性方法的有效性.
方法：在这项横断面研究中，我们分析了Hoveyzeh队列研究的基线数据，2016年5月至2018年8月在伊朗进行的一项基于人群的前瞻性研究共纳入了7836名35~70岁的受试者.
结果：针对腰围（WC）（男性为102.25厘米，女性为101.45厘米），确定了预测MAFLD风险的人体测量指标的最佳临界值，体重指数（BMI）（男性为27.80kg/m2，女性为28.75kg/m2），腰臀比（WHR）（男性和女性均为0.96），腰围身高比（WHtR）（男性为0.56，女性为0.63），身体肥胖指数（BAI）（男性为23.24，女性为32.97），内脏肥胖指数（VAI）（男性为1.64，女性为1.88），体重调整后的腰围指数（WWI）（男性为10.63，女性为11.71），锥度指数(CI)(男性1.29，女性1.36)，身体圆度指数（BRI）（男性为4.52，女性为6.45），相对脂肪量（RFM）（男性为28.18，女性为44.91）和腹部体积指数（AVI）（男性为18.85，女性为21.37）。男性VAI（敏感度：77%，特异性：60%，尤登指数：0.37)和女性的RFM(敏感度：76%，特异性：59%，Youden指数：0.35）与其他人体测量指数相比具有更高的灵敏度和特异性。此外，人体测量指数与各种肝脏和心脏代谢指数具有统计学意义。其中,WC之间观察到最强的正相关，BMI,BAI,BRI,和AVI与肝脏脂肪变性指数（HSI），TyG-BMI,和TyG-WC,以及VAI和血浆动脉粥样硬化指数（AIP）之间，脂质积累产物（LAP），心脏代谢指数（CMI），以及甘油三酯和葡萄糖(TyG)指数。
结论：人体测量指数可有效预测伊朗成年人的MAFLD风险，与WWI,VAI,和RFM被确定为最强的预测因子。建议的截止值可以作为早期诊断MAFLD的直接和非侵入性方法。
方法：在这项横断面研究中，我们分析了Hoveyzeh队列研究的基线数据，2016年5月至2018年8月在伊朗进行的一项基于人群的前瞻性研究共纳入了7836名35~70岁的受试者.
结果：针对腰围（WC）（男性为102.25厘米，女性为101.45厘米），确定了预测MAFLD风险的人体测量指标的最佳临界值，体重指数（BMI）（男性为27.80kg/m2，女性为28.75kg/m2），腰臀比（WHR）（男性和女性均为0.96），腰围身高比（WHtR）（男性为0.56，女性为0.63），身体肥胖指数（BAI）（男性为23.24，女性为32.97），内脏肥胖指数（VAI）（男性为1.64，女性为1.88），体重调整后的腰围指数（WWI）（男性为10.63，女性为11.71），锥度指数(CI)(男性1.29，女性1.36)，身体圆度指数（BRI）（男性为4.52，女性为6.45），相对脂肪量（RFM）（男性为28.18，女性为44.91）和腹部体积指数（AVI）（男性为18.85，女性为21.37）。男性VAI（敏感度：77%，特异性：60%，尤登指数：0.37)和女性的RFM(敏感度：76%，特异性：59%，Youden指数：0.35）与其他人体测量指数相比具有更高的灵敏度和特异性。此外，人体测量指数与各种肝脏和心脏代谢指数具有统计学意义。其中,WC之间观察到最强的正相关，BMI,BAI,BRI,和AVI与肝脏脂肪变性指数（HSI），TyG-BMI,和TyG-WC,以及VAI和血浆动脉粥样硬化指数（AIP）之间，脂质积累产物（LAP），心脏代谢指数（CMI），以及甘油三酯和葡萄糖(TyG)指数。
结论：人体测量指数可有效预测伊朗成年人的MAFLD风险，与WWI,VAI,和RFM被确定为最强的预测因子。建议的截止值可以作为早期诊断MAFLD的直接和非侵入性方法。
