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Abstract：
Groundwater resources worldwide face significant challenges that require urgent implementation of sustainable measures for effective long-term management. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is regarded as one of the most promising management technologies to address the degradation of groundwater resources. However, in urban aquifers, locating suitable areas that are least vulnerable to contamination for MAR implementation is complex and challenging. Hence, the present study proposes a framework encapsulating the combined assessment of groundwater vulnerability and MAR site suitability analysis to pinpoint the most featured areas for installing drywells in Kayseri, Turkey. To extrapolate the vulnerable zones, not only the original DRASTIC but also its multi-criteria decision-making (MCDA)-based modified variants were evaluated with regard to different hydrochemical parameters using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Besides, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) rationale was adopted to signify the importance level of criteria and the robustness of the framework was highlighted with sensitivity analysis. In addition, the decision layers and the attained vulnerability layer were combined using the weighted overlay (WOA). The findings indicate that the DRASTIC-SWARA correlates well with the arsenic (AUC = 0.856) and chloride (AUC = 0.648) and was adopted as the vulnerability model. Groundwater quality parameters such as chloride and sodium adsorption ratio, as well as the vadose zone thickness, were found to be the most significant decision parameters with importance levels of 16.75%, 14.51%, and 15.73%, respectively. Overall, 28.24% of the study area was unsuitable for recharge activities with high to very high vulnerability, while the remaining part was further prioritized into low to high suitability classes for MAR application. The proposed framework offers valuable tool to decision-makers for the delineation of favorable MAR sites with minimized susceptibility to contamination.
摘要：
全球地下水资源面临重大挑战，需要紧急实施可持续措施以进行有效的长期管理。管理含水层补给（MAR）被认为是解决地下水资源退化的最有前途的管理技术之一。然而,在城市含水层中，为MAR实施定位最不容易受到污染的合适区域是复杂且具有挑战性的。因此，本研究提出了一个框架，该框架包含对地下水脆弱性和MAR场地适宜性分析的综合评估，以查明在Kayseri安装干井的最具特色的区域，土耳其。为了推断脆弱区域，使用接收器工作特征（ROC）曲线（AUC）下的面积，不仅评估了原始的DRASTIC，而且还评估了其基于多标准决策（MCDA）的改良变体。此外,采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）理论来表示标准的重要性水平，并通过敏感性分析强调了框架的鲁棒性。此外,决策层和获得的脆弱性层使用加权叠加(WOA)进行组合。结果表明，DRASTIC-SWARA与砷（AUC=0.856）和氯化物（AUC=0.648）具有良好的相关性，并被用作脆弱性模型。地下水水质参数，如氯化物和钠吸附率，以及渗流区的厚度，被发现是最重要的决策参数，重要性水平为16.75%，14.51%,和15.73%，分别。总的来说,28.24%的研究区域不适合进行高到极高脆弱性的补给活动，而其余部分则被进一步优先考虑为低至高适合性的MAR应用类。拟议的框架为决策者提供了宝贵的工具，用于划定有利的MAR站点，并将污染的敏感性降至最低。
