Abstract：
Cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) plays an indispensable role in modern clinical transfusion therapy. Researchers are dedicated to finding cryoprotectants (CPAs) with high efficiency and low toxicity to prevent RBCs from cryopreservation injury. This study presents, for the first time, the feasibility and underlying mechanisms of a novel CPA called tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-3-propanesulfonic acid (TAPS) in RBCs cryopreservation. The results demonstrated that the addition of TAPS achieved a post-thaw recovery of RBCs at 79.12 ± 0.67%, accompanied by excellent biocompatibility (above 97%). Subsequently, the mechanism for preventing RBCs from cryopreservation injury was elucidated. On one hand, TAPS exhibits a significant amount of bound water and effectively inhibits ice recrystallization, thereby reducing mechanical damage. On the other hand, TAPS demonstrates high capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species and strong endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, providing effective protection against oxidative damage. Above all, TAPS can be readily removed through direct washing, and the RBCs after washing showed no significant differences in various physiological parameters (SEM, RBC hemolysis, ESR, ATPase activity, and Hb content) compared to fresh RBCs. Finally, the presented mathematical modeling analysis indicates the good benefits of TAPS. In summary, TAPS holds potential for both research and practical in the field of cryobiology, offering innovative insights for the improvement of RBCs cryopreservation in transfusion medicine.
摘要：
红细胞冷冻保存在现代临床输血治疗中起着不可或缺的作用。研究人员致力于寻找高效低毒的冷冻保护剂（CPAs），以防止RBC冷冻保存损伤。这项研究提出，第一次,一种名为三（羟甲基）氨基甲烷-3-丙磺酸（TAPS）的新型CPA在红细胞冷冻保存中的可行性和潜在机制。结果表明，添加TAPS实现了红细胞的解冻后回收率为79.12±0.67%，伴随着优异的生物相容性（97％以上）。随后，阐明了防止红细胞冷冻保存损伤的机制.一方面,TAPS表现出大量的结合水，并有效抑制冰的重结晶，从而减少机械损伤。另一方面,TAPS具有清除活性氧的高能力和较强的内源性抗氧化酶活性，提供有效的保护免受氧化损伤。最重要的是,TAPS可以很容易地通过直接清洗去除，洗涤后的红细胞在各种生理参数上没有显着差异(SEM，红细胞溶血,ESR,ATP酶活性，和Hb含量)与新鲜红细胞相比。最后,提出的数学建模分析表明了TAPS的良好效益。总之,TAPS在冷冻生物学领域具有研究和实践的潜力，为改进输血医学中的红细胞冷冻保存提供创新见解。
