Abstract：
Yersinia is an important genus comprising foodborne, zoonotic and pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, species of the so-called group Yersinia enterocolitica-like are understudied and mostly characterized as non-pathogenic, despite of some reports of human infections. The present study aimed to provide genomic insights of Yersinia frederiksenii (YF), Yersinia intermedia (YI) and Yersinia kristensenii (YK) isolated worldwide. A total of 22 YF, 20 YI and 14 YK genomes were searched for antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmids, prophages, and virulence factors. Their phylogenomic relatedness was analyzed by Gegenees and core-genome multi-locus sequence typing. Beta-lactam resistance gene blaTEM-116 and five plasmids replicons (pYE854, ColRNAI, ColE10, Col(pHAD28) and IncN3) were detected in less than five genomes. A total of 59 prophages, 106 virulence markers of the Yersinia genus, associated to adherence, antiphagocytosis, exoenzymes, invasion, iron uptake, proteases, secretion systems and the O-antigen, and virulence factors associated to other 20 bacterial genera were detected. Phylogenomic analysis revealed high inter-species distinction and four highly diverse YF clusters. In conclusion, the results obtained through the analyses of YF, YI and YK genomes suggest the virulence potential of these strains due to the broad diversity and high frequency of prophages and virulence factors found. Phylogenetic analyses were able to correctly distinguish these closely related species and show the presence of different genetic subgroups. These data contributed for a better understanding of YF, YI and YK virulence-associated features and global genetic diversity, and reinforced the need for better characterization of these Y. enterocolitica-like species considered non-pathogenic.
摘要：
耶尔森氏菌是一个重要的属，包括食源性，人畜共患和病原菌。另一方面,所谓的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌类群的物种尚未得到充分研究，并且大多数特征为非致病性，尽管有一些人类感染的报道。本研究旨在提供耶尔森氏菌（YF）的基因组见解，中间耶尔森氏菌（YI）和全球分离的克里斯滕森耶尔森氏菌（YK）。总共22YF，搜索了20个YI和14个YK基因组的抗菌素抗性基因，质粒,预言,和毒力因子。通过Gegenees和核心基因组多位点序列分型分析了它们的系统基因组相关性。β-内酰胺抗性基因blaTEM-116和五个质粒复制子（pYE854，ColRNAI，在少于五个基因组中检测到ColE10，Col（pHAD28）和IncN3。总共59个预言，耶尔森氏菌属的106个毒力标记，与坚持相关，抗吞噬作用,外泌酶，入侵,铁吸收，蛋白酶，分泌系统和O-抗原，并检测到与其他20个细菌属相关的毒力因子。系统基因组分析显示，物种间的差异很高，并且有四个高度多样化的YF簇。总之,通过对YF的分析获得的结果，YI和YK基因组表明了这些菌株的毒力潜力，这是由于发现的噬菌体和毒力因子的广泛多样性和高频率。系统发育分析能够正确区分这些密切相关的物种，并显示存在不同的遗传亚群。这些数据有助于更好地理解YF，YI和YK毒力相关特征和全球遗传多样性，并加强了对这些被认为是非致病性的小肠结肠炎样物种进行更好表征的需求。
