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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Zataria multiflora Boiss. is a medicinal and aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family. It is extensively used in Iranian traditional medicine, mostly as a replacement for Thyme species. This study was focused on the analysis of chemical composition and the distribution and types of trichomes of Z. multiflora grown under different conditions. Equilibrium headspace analysis in combination with GC-FID-MS was used to identify volatile compounds released by aerial parts of Z. multiflora in development stages of 50 and 100% flowering under normal and drought-stress conditions.
RESULTS: The main constituents were p-cymene (20.06-27.40%), γ-terpinene (12.44-16.93%), and α-pinene (6.91-16.58%) and thymol (8.52-9.99%). The highest content of p-cymene (27.40%) and thymol (9.99%) was observed in the 50% flowering stage at the 90% field capacity, while the maximum γ-terpinene (16.93%) content was recorded in the 100% flowering stage under normal conditions. Using the SEM method, it was found that peltate glandular and non-glandular trichomes are distributed on the surface of the leaf, stem, and outer side of the calyx. However, capitate trichomes only are detected on the stem and calyx in the 100% flowering and beginning of blooming stages, respectively. The type and structure of trichomes do not vary in different development stages, but they differ in density. The highest number of leaf peltate glandular trichomes was observed in the vegetative and beginning of blooming stages at 50% and 90% field capacity, respectively. Non-glandular trichomes of the stem were observed with high density in both normal and stress conditions, which are more densely in 90% field capacity.
CONCLUSIONS: Since this plant has strong potential to be used in the food and pharmacological industries, this study provides valuable information for its cultivation and harvesting at specific phenological stages, depending on desired compounds and their concentrations.
RESULTS: The main constituents were p-cymene (20.06-27.40%), γ-terpinene (12.44-16.93%), and α-pinene (6.91-16.58%) and thymol (8.52-9.99%). The highest content of p-cymene (27.40%) and thymol (9.99%) was observed in the 50% flowering stage at the 90% field capacity, while the maximum γ-terpinene (16.93%) content was recorded in the 100% flowering stage under normal conditions. Using the SEM method, it was found that peltate glandular and non-glandular trichomes are distributed on the surface of the leaf, stem, and outer side of the calyx. However, capitate trichomes only are detected on the stem and calyx in the 100% flowering and beginning of blooming stages, respectively. The type and structure of trichomes do not vary in different development stages, but they differ in density. The highest number of leaf peltate glandular trichomes was observed in the vegetative and beginning of blooming stages at 50% and 90% field capacity, respectively. Non-glandular trichomes of the stem were observed with high density in both normal and stress conditions, which are more densely in 90% field capacity.
CONCLUSIONS: Since this plant has strong potential to be used in the food and pharmacological industries, this study provides valuable information for its cultivation and harvesting at specific phenological stages, depending on desired compounds and their concentrations.
摘要：
背景：ZatariamultifloraBoiss。是唇形科的药用和芳香植物。它广泛用于伊朗传统医学，主要是作为百里香物种的替代品。这项研究的重点是分析在不同条件下生长的Z.multiflora的化学成分以及毛状体的分布和类型。平衡顶空分析结合GC-FID-MS用于鉴定在正常和干旱胁迫条件下，在50％和100％开花的发育阶段，Z.multiflora的地上部分释放的挥发性化合物。
结果：主要成分为对-车菊（20.06-27.40%），γ-萜品烯（12.44-16.93%），α-pine烯（6.91-16.58％）和百里酚（8.52-9.99％）。在90％的田间容量下，在50％的开花期观察到最高的对-cymene（27.40％）和百里酚（9.99％）的含量，而在正常条件下，在100％开花期记录到最大的γ-萜品烯含量（16.93％）。使用SEM方法，发现叶状腺体和非腺体毛状体分布在叶片表面，茎,和花萼的外侧。然而,头状毛状体仅在100％开花和开花阶段开始时在茎和花萼上检测到，分别。毛状体的类型和结构在不同的发展阶段没有变化，但是它们的密度不同。在植物生长和开花阶段的开始阶段，在50％和90％的田间容量下观察到最高数量的叶状腺毛，分别。在正常和胁迫条件下，均以高密度观察到茎的非腺状毛状体，在90%的现场容量中更密集。
结论：由于该植物具有在食品和药理行业中使用的强大潜力，这项研究为其在特定物候阶段的栽培和收获提供了有价值的信息，取决于所需的化合物和它们的浓度。
结果：主要成分为对-车菊（20.06-27.40%），γ-萜品烯（12.44-16.93%），α-pine烯（6.91-16.58％）和百里酚（8.52-9.99％）。在90％的田间容量下，在50％的开花期观察到最高的对-cymene（27.40％）和百里酚（9.99％）的含量，而在正常条件下，在100％开花期记录到最大的γ-萜品烯含量（16.93％）。使用SEM方法，发现叶状腺体和非腺体毛状体分布在叶片表面，茎,和花萼的外侧。然而,头状毛状体仅在100％开花和开花阶段开始时在茎和花萼上检测到，分别。毛状体的类型和结构在不同的发展阶段没有变化，但是它们的密度不同。在植物生长和开花阶段的开始阶段，在50％和90％的田间容量下观察到最高数量的叶状腺毛，分别。在正常和胁迫条件下，均以高密度观察到茎的非腺状毛状体，在90%的现场容量中更密集。
结论：由于该植物具有在食品和药理行业中使用的强大潜力，这项研究为其在特定物候阶段的栽培和收获提供了有价值的信息，取决于所需的化合物和它们的浓度。
