Abstract：
Although vaccination and antimicrobial treatment have significantly impacted the frequency and outcomes of meningitis in children, meningitis remains a critical can\'t-miss diagnosis for children, where early recognition and appropriate treatment can improve survival and neurologic outcomes. Signs and symptoms may be nonspecific, particularly in infants, and require a high index of suspicion to recognize potential meningitis and obtain the cerebrospinal fluid studies necessary for diagnosis. Understanding the pathogens associated with each age group and specific risk factors informs optimal empirical antimicrobial therapy. Early treatment and developmental support can significantly improve the survival rates and lifelong neurodevelopment of children with central nervous system infections.
摘要：
尽管疫苗接种和抗菌治疗显著影响了儿童脑膜炎的发生频率和结果，脑膜炎仍然是儿童不可错过的关键诊断，早期识别和适当的治疗可以改善生存率和神经系统预后。体征和症状可能是非特异性的，特别是在婴儿中，并且需要高度怀疑才能识别潜在的脑膜炎并获得诊断所需的脑脊液研究。了解与每个年龄组相关的病原体和特定的风险因素可以为最佳的经验性抗菌治疗提供依据。早期治疗和发育支持可显著提高中枢神经系统感染患儿的生存率和终生神经发育。
